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FACTNET/March 30, 1998Scientology has launched a new censorship attack on the Internet, one designed to clog search mechanisms. By spamming Internet search mechanisms, Scientology will render them slower and much less useful, all in an effort to censor Internet free speech. Scientology hopes flooding search mechanisms with over 100,000 newly created Scientology-based sites, Netizens will be unable to find the two or three hundred sites critical of Scientology. Join the outcry against this action.Scientology’s War on the Internet To understand the danger of Scientology’s most recent censorship attack, it is necessary to know about its previous attacks. Scientology’s war on the Internet began in 1994 and has been a well-documented scandal. Scientology has tried to censor critics by shutting down web sites, raiding critics’ homes, hiring private investigators, and bringing lawsuits against web hosts, Internet service providers, and cult awareness organizations. The newsgroup alt.religion.scientology (a.r.s.) has been a target of attack through mass cancellations of valid postings followed by mass postings of unwanted spam, and through attempts to remove it from Usenet altogether. Here is a brief history of Scientology Internet abuse: 1.Operation Cancelbunny: Scientology censors alt.religion.scientology Alt.religion.scientology (a.r.s.) has been one of the most active newsgroups on the Internet, a place where pro- and anti-Scientology netizens hotly debate each other. Beginning in 1994, Scientology operatives began tampering with a.r.s. by surreptitiously canceling postings critical of itself. The source of unauthorized cancellations came to be known as the Cancelbunny, although the Cancelbunny project really involved a number of cancelers. The Cancelbunny (or Cancelbunnies) deleted hundreds of messages using their email accounts at a variety of service providers, including Netcom, Deltanet, University College in Dublin, Ireland, Directnet, Kaiwan, and NetVoyage. All providers responded swiftly to determine the identities of the unauthorized cancelers and terminate their accounts. A group of netizens even joined forces to track down the Cancelbunny; they called themselves the Rabbit Hunters. While the efforts of the Rabbit Hunters and Internet service providers slowed the Cancelbunny and forced it to jump around quite a bit, the bunny was still going actively in April 1995, 17 months after beginning its cancellations, and still appears from time to time now three years later. 2.Operation Delete a.r.s.: Scientology attempts to off the newsgroup In January 1995 Scientology attorney Helena Kobrin unilaterally instructed Usenet servers to delete the whole a.r.s. newsgroup. Kobrin sent emails to the servers with the “remove” instruction usually used to delete newsgroups. Fortunately, her instruction was not followed, and three years later a.r.s is still very active. 3. Operation Raid: Scientology raids Internet users’ homes Scientology’s 1995 raids of Internet users’ homes comprise one of the most atrocious chapters in the history of Scientology’s censorship war on the Internet. A great deal of information surrounds the raids. Briefly: *February: Scientology raided the home of former Scientologist Dennis Erlich, seizing numerous items including computers and disks. Erlich ” along with Tom Klemesrud, the operator of his bulletin board system (BBS) and Netcom, his Internet service provider ” was subsequently sued by Scientology for “copyright infringements.” *Early August: Scientology raided the home of former Scientologist Arnie Lerma for posting to the Internet a widely-available federal court document known as the Fishman Papers. The papers included excerpts of Scientology’s “secret scripture.” Scientology then sued Lerma, his service provider Digital Gateway Systems, and even the Washington Post for including 46 words from the Fishman Papers in an article on the incident. *Late August: Again claiming copyright infringement, Scientology raided the home of Lawrence Wollersheim and Bob Penny, the then-directors of FACTNet, a nonprofit BBS (now a web site). With federal marshals standing by, Scientology seized computers, disks, files, and more. Naturally, Scientology then sued FACTNet. *September: “Scientology agents, accompanied by a locksmith, local police, and two U.S. `computer experts’, entered the premises of XS4ALL (xs4all.nl), an Internet service provider in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Scientology demanded that XS4ALL remove a copy of the Fishman Papers from a customer’s web page. (XS4ALL refused to do so.) Dutch Internet users protested Scientology’s action by putting over 100 copies of the Fishman Papers on web sites all over the country. Scientology responded to this cyber-civil-disobedience campaign by suing four Dutch Internet service providers (including XS4ALL) as well as well-known Dutch writer Karin Spaink, who helped initiate the campaign. They withdrew this lawsuit on December 12, but filed a much larger suit, against 23 separate parties, on January 31. A court hearing was held on February 26, and a verdict was rendered on March 12, giving a total victory to the defendants.” [Written by Scientology critic Ron Newman]. 4.Operation Anonymous Remailer: Scientology sues and squashes Starting in January 1995 Scientology launched an attack against anonymous remailers and posters. In January a letter was sent to anonymous remailers demanding they not allow anonymous postings to a.r.s. or alt.clearing.technology. At this point, such prominent entities such as Electronic Freedom Foundation, the Los Angeles Times, and the Washington Post reported Scientology’s Internet abuses. Later, in the Spring of 1996, in an attempt to attack anonymous postings by “Scamizdat,” Scientology filed suit against a.r.s. poster Grady Ward and then Keith Henson. In connection with the suit, the Finnish anonymous remailer anon.penet.fi was ordered to reveal the identities of two of its users. The remailer’s administrator, Julf Helsingius, refused to disclose the names. Instead, on August 22, 1996, he closed anon.penet.fi, an action that shocked the Internet and was widely reported in the media. 5.Operation Spam Attack: Scientology clogs a.r.s. Scientology’s abuse of a.r.s continued via a new method from May to December 1996. During this time, Scientology bombarded a.r.s. with thousands of spam messages taken verbatim from the Scientology web site. This action paralyzed the purpose and effective use of the newsgroup. 6. Operation Netizen: Scientology threatens netizens at large Scientology has sent numerous emails to Netizens threatening litigation for posting even short excerpts of Scientology’s copyrighted material, despite the fact that copyright law allows such excerpting. Netizens and their families have received threats by email and fax, visits by Scientologists and private investigators, and slanderous phone calls. Most recently, early in 1998 web hosts Tilman Hausherr and Ray Randolph were threatened with litigation. Scientology considers Hausherr’s parody of “$cientology” and Randolph’s domain name www.scientology-kills.net infringements of the Scientology trademark. To most observers, it seems that both uses are legal, since Hausherr’s parody and Randolph’s domain name constitute satire and commentary on Scientology rather than attempts to be mistaken for Scientology. The latter would be trademark infringement; but it would be difficult for anyone to mistake “$cientology” or “scientology-kills” for Scientology. Randolph has received the support of the ACLU and EFF, both of which will handle his litigation if Scientology follows through on its threat. Negative reaction to Scientology’s war on the Internet has been loudly expressed by a large and varied group of individuals and organizations. Netizens, Internet service providers, and other net-dependent corporations such as search mechanisms should be outraged that Scientology has hampered the smooth operation of the Internet through false cancellations and spam. People and organizations concerned with censorship such as EFF are concerned that Scientology so blatantly and automatically attempts to censor those who criticize it. Internet critics whose homes were raided and their property confiscated question what free speech means in supposedly free nations. Despite vocal and powerful opposition to Scientology’s Internet abuses, and the fact that each censorship attempt resulted in even more widespread flaming anti-Scientology postings, Scientology has continued its Mafia-like tactics. One might hope Scientology had learned its lesson by now. Not so. As of this month, it has launched its newest censorship attack. Scientology’s Newest Attack Scientology’s next escapade has just begun and might turn out to be the most abusive ever. The City of Night reports that Scientology’s new plan is to send Internet web site templates to 116,000 Scientologists, so that the Scientologists can set up pages that appear to be their personal home pages. City of Night says, “Church officials hope that by creating many, many web sites that link to Scientology’s home page, Scientology can clog search engines and prevent information critical of the Church from reaching those interested in learning all about Scientology.” [City of Night, March 19 - 25]. A number of these new templates are already on the web. Here are a few: Benet Ekhammer http://members.aol.com/solovii/ Jason D. Peterson http://members.aol.com/jasondrp/ Teri Milch http://home.mci2000.com/~tmilch@mci2000.com/index.htm Michael Lewis http://www.relaypoint.net/~lewisgroup/index.htm Grahame Scott-Douglas http://www.relaypoint.net/~grahamesd/ Kathy Weigand http://www.relaypoint.net/~kweigand/index.htm Denise Palm http://home1.gte.net/cedarlan/new/index.htm Kevin Brown http://members.aol.com/actinup2/ Tom Humphrey http://members.aol.com/humphreytr/index.htm The sites are almost identical, and if Scientology is not stopped, there will soon be 115,000 more of them. The web pages provide little information on the Scientologists themselves (other than their feelings toward Scientology), and link directly (and only) to the Scientology web site. It is also significant that they do not include any email addresses with which to contact the web host. So while censoring the entire Internet by jamming search mechanisms, Scientology is simultaneously censoring its members. Scientology will perhaps say it is simply expressing its religious freedom, but this claim rings hollow. Why would an expression of religious freedom use a technique intentionally designed to clog search mechanisms? And the proportionality is way off: Scientology is posting 116,000 new pages in response to two or three hundred anti-Scientology sites, which makes the size of the attack 400 times the totality of what opposes it. It might also be significant that Scientology officials announced this new censorship attack at a celebration of Scientology’s founder’s birthday. The message Scientology is sending to the Internet is the same as always: we don’t care about your rules or the reaction you’ve shown us. If Scientology is allowed to continue its censorship war on the Internet, other totalitarian corporate, government, or cult groups will follow. Any issue people care dearly about can be drowned out by one side or the other using this techno-censorship technique. Continued efforts such as this latest ploy will jam search mechanisms, make searches fruitless, and slow down the Internet. It is extremely important that the Internet send Scientology a clear, strong message to stop this Internet abuse. It is FACTNet’s hope that Scientology’s executives and its $20 million-per-year legal team will realize that change needs to be made. Specifically, Scientology needs to stop its Internet censorship tactics completely. If they do, it will take quite some time to show good faith and for Internet users to re-establish respect for the organization. If Scientology does not stop, how does it expect to keep going in the 1990s in a world becoming increasingly Internet-based, when it is rapidly becoming the pariah of the Internet and the archetypal example of what not to do in terms of Internet marketing. What you can do One does not have to disagree with Scientology to agree that its actions on the Internet are reprehensible. Help us take action against this new censorship attack: 1.Forward this email following net etiquette to all interested Internet users, Internet service providers, and search mechanisms. 2.Forward this email to Scientology’s celebrities urging them to stop promoting an organization that takes such reprehensible censoring action against the Internet. Here are some Scientology celebrity email addresses: John Travolta: info@johntravolta.org Nancy Cartright (voice of Bart Simpson): nancy@kidsister.com Chick Corea: chickcorea@n2k.com Jenna Elfman: 8730 Sunset Blvd, #220W, Los Angeles, CA 90069 or to “Dharma & Greg”, 20th Century Fox, 10201 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, Ca 90034 Other Scientology celebrities include Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Kirstie Alley, Lisa Marie Presley, Priscilla Presley, and Kelly Preston. Write to them if you can locate their addresses! 2.Email Scientology at info@scientology.net and let them know you will not stand for their censoring free speech on the Internet. Links & notations: further information on Scientology’s war on the Internet In general Scientology and the Internet Ron Newman’s The Church of Scientology vs. the Net http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/home.html#NON-NET Marina’s Manor, for many of the hundreds of anti-Scientology pages http://www.best.com/~mchong/index.shtml For details” For details on Operation Cancelbunny, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/usenet/cancel.html For details on Operation Delete a.r.s., see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/usenet/rmgroup.html For details on Operation Raid concerning Dennis Erlich, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/erlich/home.html For details on Operation Raid concerning Arnie Lerma, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/lerma/home.html For details on Operation Raid concerning FACTNet, see http://www.factnet.org/Scientology/raid.html For details on Operation Raid concerning XS4ALL and Karin Spaink, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/dutch/home.html For details on Operation Anonymous Remailer, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/anon/home.html For details on Operation Anonymous Remailer and anon.penet.fi, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/anon/penet.html For details on Operation Anonymous Remailer and Grady Ward, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/grady/home.html For details on Operation Spam Attack, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/home.html#SPAM For details on Operation Netizen, see http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman/scientology/harass/home.html The City of Night article [March 19 - 25, 1998] is at http://www.newtimesla.com/1998/current/cityofnight1.html By the way: Why the Internet is a threat to Scientology Scientology ” like all cults ” operates as a closed, totalitarian organization. To gain members’ allegiance, cults systematically exert more and more control over members’ social environment, time, and social support. One key aspect of this process is the manipulation of information members are allowed to come into contact with. Information must be controlled, distorted, and severely limited, in order for the group to suspend members’ belief in otherwise outlandish things. Information which questions or contradicts the group’s assertions are not permitted. Criticism of all kinds is not permitted. Rules exist governing permissible topics to discuss with outsiders. And within the group, communication is highly controlled, giving rise to the construction of “in-group” jargon. Just as the effectiveness of mind control depends upon regulating the information members are exposed to, providing full information is the key to helping cult members leave the destructive organizations they feel tied to. According to cult expert Paul Martin, “Understanding what happened to the [cult victim] is the first step in recovery.” And knowing the truth about cultic organizations and how mind control works prevents others from joining. It is for this reason, by the way, that education and referrals comprise the core of FACTNet’s work: education helps people break cult ties, and referrals to cult-help professionals help ex-members heal and reduce the ongoing harms of cults. So if information in itself threatens the control that cults — particularly Scientology — hold over members, the Internet is their nightmare. The Internet has provided an easy outlet for the millions of ex-cult members worldwide to tell their horror stories. Internet technology makes access to unimaginably huge amounts of information easy, fast, discrete, and inexpensive. FACTNet’s site alone has transferred over a billion bytes of data so far this month. And FACTNet’s web site is only one of hundreds that provide information on cults, and only one of millions of sites worldwide. Scientology is right to be threatened by the Internet in so far as the cult depends upon censoring the information its members are exposed to. It is estimated that since Scientology started its Internet battles in 1992, its income has dropped by up to 80% worldwide. One would assume this reflects a decrease in Scientology’s hold over its members. Doubtless this is a tribute to the power of the Internet and an example of the Internet’s ability to be a useful tool for educating society. In the face of the criticisms leveled against Scientology on the Internet, Scientology has responded in its standard manner: not by reforming, but by attacking. Specifically, by attacking individual Internet users, Internet Service Providers, and the Internet itself as an effectively operating information network. Because of the threat the Internet poses to Scientology, Scientology likely considers the Internet itself an enemy. It is important for the Internet community to remember Scientology’s policy on enemies, written by leader L. Ron Hubbard in 1967: “[Enemies] may be deprived of property or injured by any means … May be tricked, sued or lied to or destroyed.” [L. Ron Hubbard, HCO P/L 18 October 1967].
The view from the lion’s den.
A paper by Jon Atack, delivered at the Dialog Centre International conference in Berlin, October 1995.HTML and links by Tilman Hausherr I was a member of the Scientology cult for nine years. During that time I undertook many courses and by the time I left was in the middle of the 24th of the 27 available “levels” of Scientology - the fifth section of the Operating Thetan course. I left when I began to find out about the hidden agenda and activities of Scientology which I describe in this paper. Along with most scientologists, I had no idea of these disgraceful, immoral and criminal activities. I believed that I was a member of a vital, world-saving group which would lead to a world without “criminals, insanity or war”, as Scientology leader Ron Hubbard claimed. (1) I resigned from the Church of Scientology in 1983, and began to interview other former members and collect court documents and testimony relating to Scientology. Seven years later, my book A Piece of Blue Sky was published, after a court battle in New York. Former Hubbard aide, Robert Vaughn Young whose excellent article was published in a recent Spiegel magazine has called my book the definitive work on Scientology. I have spoken with literally hundreds of former members, and read tens of thousands of pages of records and court documents, ranging from Hubbard’s college and navy records through to the revelations of high-ranking defectors as recorded in sworn testimony. I have endeavoured to make this information a matter for urgent public debate. My quest to understand and to help the many people damaged by Scientology has led me to public humiliation and bankruptcy. I have been the target of a massive campaign of harassment and vilification. Because I would not give up my right to free speech and open public debate, scientologists have set out to destroy me. I have been a tiny David oppressed by a Goliath of dreadful proportions. Scientology has tens of thousands of followers and hundreds of millions of dollars. I have only my desire for the truth and my belief in humanity. In England, Scientology has cynically used the establishment, making it an unwitting collaborator in my devastation. It is no exaggeration to say that justice and freedom are at stake in this battle. In Britain, the media seem afraid to tell my story. Thankfully, Germany has learned the terrible danger of totalitarian cults and currently leads the world in exposing their evils. This year, German courts have stripped Scientology of its religious status and its tax exemption. They have ordered Scientology to reregister as a business and to pay its staff a proper wage. Both politicians and the press have been outspoken in their criticism of this malicious sect. The French too have withdrawn tax exemption and religious status. The Danes have withdrawn missionary status. A major prosecution is about to occur in Spain, following another in Italy. In Canada, Scientology has recently been forced to pay $3 million in the largest libel award in the history of that country. But let me start by relating some of my own experiences, before moving on to the hidden policies which motivate Scientology’s hysterical attack upon democracy. At the end of 1992, scientologists started to arrive uninvited on my doorstep. They always came in pairs, a new pair each time. The visits happened about once a week, but not on the same night. The timing of the visits varied, with the latest being after 11 o’clock. The first couple accused me of “persecuting” their religion. When I asked for details, one of them said that I had told a newspaper that Scientology “brainwashed” its members. I explained that the journalist had given his own opinion. I tend to avoid the emotive term “brainwashing” and speak instead of “coercive psychology”. Having failed in the particular, they moved on to the general. I was accused of being a liar. Unable to give any example of a lie I had told, one began chanting hysterically “you tell lies”. In Scientology, this phrase would be called a “button”.(2) After careful analysis, the member of Scientology’s Investigation bureau who drilled these scientologists, had decided that I would be upset by this particular accusation. “Buttons” used on subsequent visits included the accusation that I am a “failure” and a practitioner of “deprograming”. All of the meetings started with my attempt at reasoned dialogue and finished with screaming scientologists parroting drilled phrases. Such behaviour is always alarming. Although the “buttons” may not create the desired psychological collapse, the fanatical intolerance and incapacity to enter dialogue evidenced in such meetings is disturbing. But then, the creator of Scientology gave as an aspect of “religious scripture” the dictum “Don’t ever defend. Always attack.” It is very important to understand that all of Hubbard’s spoken and written words are considered unalterable(3) and scriptural.(4) Further, they must be complied with absolutely, to do otherwise is given the highly derogatory label “squirreling”.(5) Another tenet of Hubbard’s “scripture” is that all opponents of Scientology are criminals with undisclosed crimes. It should be a matter of some amazement to scientologists given this prediction that I have managed to criticise Scientology for twelve years without spending any time in prison or being charged with any crime. In that time, however, scientologists have been convicted in several countries. The phobic attitude towards critics and the refusal of dialogue characterize totalist groups or destructive cults. Scientologists are taught that anyone who seeks to dissuade them from Scientology is “suppressive”.(6) If the criticism cannot be silenced, then the scientologist should cease all communication with the critic, or “disconnect”(7). Any criticism of Scientology is held to stem from undisclosed “overts” or moral transgressions. The critic is asked “what are your crimes?” This can be upsetting to the mystified parent of a raging scientologist. If a scientologist hears any criticism of Scientology or its creator, that criticism must be relayed to Scientology’s “Ethics” department in a written “knowledge report”. Further, Scientologists are forbidden discussion of the techniques of Scientology (called “verbal technology”(8)), the penalty for which is being “declared” a “Suppressive Person”, and being ostracised by other scientologists, under the policy of “disconnection”. Scientologists are also enjoined not to talk about any of their problems except to their appointed Scientology “auditor”. They pay up to $1,000 per hour to discuss such problems.(9) While Hubbard insisted that Scientology’s main focus is enhancing communication, he actually spent a great deal of time restricting it. The most controversial doctrine of Scientology is undoubtedly the Fair Game law. Hubbard was well aware that this expression refers to the medaieval practice of labelling an individual “a legitimate object of pursuit and attack”, with the word “game” meaning “quarry”.(10) Hubbard actually used the expression in its correct sense in a 1940s science-fiction story before his first excursions into psychotherapy and religion.(11) Fair Game highlights the essential contradiction which dwells at the very heart of Scientology. Scientology is supposedly a system which increases its adherents ability to communicate and thereby raises their “affinity” for others. Scientology is meant to make people more friendly.(12) But in the Fair Game doctrine, Hubbard said that opponents “may be tricked, sued or lied to or destroyed.”(13) The Hubbard Policy Letter which introduced Fair Game asserted that individuals considered Suppressive Persons could be the subject of “1st degree murder, arson, disintegration of persons or belongings”.(14) Although this Policy Letter was withdrawn from public view within days of its publication, it continued to appear on Intelligence training courses,(15) and in 1980 governing officials of Scientology admitted during court proceedings that it had never been “abrogated”.(16) Further, the 1980 Policy Letter(17) which did abrogate it was itself withdrawn in 1983.(18) Consequently, Fair Game remains a binding “scripture” of Scientology.(19) Hubbard’s vindictive nature had found outlets long before he published the Fair Game law. For example, in 1952, Don Purcell, who had earlier rescued Hubbard from financial collapse, was accused of having taken $500,000 from the American Medical Association to destroy Dianetics. Hubbard churned out hate letters using a mailing list stolen from Purcell.(20) In a bizarre 1955 article, Hubbard wrote “The DEFENSE of anything is UNTENABLE. The only way to defend anything is to ATTACK”. This article also ordered Scientology organizations to use the law to “harass”.(21) By 1959, Hubbard had created an intelligence system for monitoring friends and enemies alike, and instituted new procedures for harassing perceived opponents. This came with the internal publication of his secret Hubbard Communications Office Manual of Justice.(22) The Hubbard Communications Office was an early attempt at creating an intelligence agency.(23) Copyright lapsed in the booklet in the 1980s,(24) so it can now be freely reprinted and quoted from. In the Manual of Justice, Hubbard wrote “People attack Scientology; I never forget it, always even the score.” He went on to describe one of the functions of his Communications Office, “Intelligence is mostly the collection of data … It is basically a listening and filing action. It is done all the time about everything and everybody.” On June 10, 1960, Hubbard issued a seemingly innocent Bulletin saying that not all scientologists need be professional “auditors”, or counsellors. He encouraged his followers to bring Scientology to the society through their jobs. He praised those who had already exerted influence: “These people … drove a wedge for themselves into companies, societies, with Scientology and then took over control of the area.”(25) On 23 June, Hubbard extended his design with the Special Zone Plan: “a nation or state runs on the ability of its department heads, its governors, or any other leaders. It is easy to get posts in such areas … Don’t bother to get elected. Get a job on the secretarial staff or the bodyguard … don’t seek the co-operation of groups. Don’t ask for permission”.(26) Hubbard went on to give the example of a police officer quietly intruding Scientology into his workplace. In the 1970s, a San Diego police lieutenant was disciplined for using police computers on behalf of Scientology.(27) In the 1990s, the president of Finland dismissed his scientologist bodyguard. Back in 1960, Hubbard proceeded to establish Special Zone Departments in all Scientology organizations to co-ordinate the efforts of Scientologists to infiltrate the society. Only two months later, this Department was incorporated into the Department of Government Affairs.F28 Hubbard wrote, “The object of the Department is to broaden the impact of Scientology upon governments and other organizations … defensive tactics are frowned upon in the department … Only attacks resolve threats … If attacked on some vulnerable point by anyone … always find or manufacture enough threat against them to cause them to sue for peace”. Hubbard then repeated one of the central tenets of his “religious scripture”: “Don’t ever defend. Always attack”. Hubbard had rallied his followers to surreptitiously spread his influence. Now they were to be part of an organization with a dangerous agenda: “The goal of the Department is to bring the government and hostile philosophies or societies into a state of complete compliance with the goals of Scientology. This is done by high level ability to control and in its absence by low level ability to overwhelm. Introvert such agencies. Control such agencies.” The Department of Government Affairs was superseded by the Department of Official Affairs on 13 March 1961.(29) The memoranda relating to infiltration and control of governments remained in force, as they do to this day. The new Department was charged with maintaining files “relating to Scientology and anti-Scientology groups, persons and activities”. Hubbard blithely continued “we have here in actuality the equivalent of a Ministry of Propaganda and Security”. Elsewhere, Hubbard candidly defined propaganda as “putting out slanted information”.(30) This Ministry of Propaganda and Security was to bring hostile groups into line by “finding and releasing the truth about the leader of that group”. The policy of infiltration was repeated “The action of bringing about a pro-Scientology group consists of making a friend of the most highly placed government person one can reach, even placing Scientologists in domestic and clerical posts close to him”. Hubbard continued the theme of the June 1960 memoranda: “Get volunteer Scientologists interested in this game and helping.” As professor of sociology Roy Wallis said in his study of Scientology, members readily become “deployable agents of the cult”.(31) In February 1966, Lord Balniel asked a question in the British parliament concerning Scientology. Hubbard was outraged: “The ‘news’ that some lord is ‘going to ask a question in the House…’ gives us this planning … Get a detective on that lord’s past to unearth the tid-bits … Stress sex and blood in psychiatry and collect data and mount an all out attack in the press.”(32) A few days later, Hubbard added, “Don’t ever tamely submit to an investigation of us. Make it rough, rough on the attackers all the way.” Having investigated critics for “FELONIES or worse using own professionals, not outside agencies”, scientologists should “Start feeding lurid, blood sex crime actual evidence on the attackers to the press [punctuation sic].” Hubbard added “I speak from 15 years experience in this. There has never yet been an attacker who was not reeking of crime. All we had to do was look for it and murder would come out.”(33) Hubbard brought the Public Investigation Section into being on 17 February, 1966. Its stated purpose was “TO HELP LRH [Hubbard] INVESTIGATE PUBLIC MATTERS WHICH SEEM TO IMPEDE HUMAN LIBERTY SO THAT SUCH MATTERS MAY BE EXPOSED AND TO FURNISH INTELLIGENCE REQUIRED IN GUIDING THE PROGRESS OF SCIENTOLOGY [emphasis in original]”.(34) The new department was to be “wholly composed of professional investigators”. Hubbard asserted “the section has all the useful functions of an intelligence and propaganda agency.” Targets were easy to find, as Hubbard explained “what agency or group is attacking Scientology? As Scientology stands for freedom, those who don’t want freedom tend to attack it. The Section investigates the attacking group’s individual members and sees that the results of the investigation get adequate legal action and publicity.” Hubbard added, ominously, “Standard intelligence procedures are used.” The first private detective Hubbard tried to hire was so horrified by Hubbard’s intentions that he immediately gave the story to the newspapers(35). So two weeks after its inaugeration, the Public Investigation Section was transformed into the infamous Guardian’s Office of the Church of Scientology.(36) Under Hubbard’s direction, the Guardian’s Office came to control all of Scientology’s legal, public relations and intelligence activities.(37) It also controlled all finances, with an Assistant Guardian posted to every organization. Hubbard’s wife was made the full-time Controller of the Guardian’s Office, a position which she held from 1966 to 1981, shortly before she was imprisoned in the U.S.(38) The Guardian’s Office - or GO - inherited the intelligence files of its predecessors. It also inherited several Hubbard techniques, including “noisy investigation”. This method of harassment was mentioned in the 1959 Manual of Justice, “When we need somebody haunted we investigate … When we investigate we do so noisily always. And usually mere investigation damps out the trouble even when we discover no really pertinent facts … intelligence we get with a whisper. Investigation we do with a yell.” This policy was reiterated in February 1966 as an action which had been “positive in stopping attacks”.(39) Later that year, Hubbard approved a memorandum which explained “How to do a NOISY investigation”.(40) Having selected the target for harassment “You find out where he or she works or worked, doctor, dentist, friends, neighbours, anyone, and ‘phone ‘em up and say ‘I am investigating Mr/Mrs …….. for criminal activities as he/she has been trying to prevent Man’s freedom and is restricting my religious freedom … You say now and then, ‘I have already got some astounding facts …’ (Use a generality)”. Within weeks of my departure from Scientology, in 1983, two friends reported conversations in which a scientologist had told them, without any basis in reality, that I had received electric shock treatment. The Guardian’s Office was far better organized than any of the earlier Scientology Ministries of Propaganda and Security. Under Hubbard’s direction, it ruled Scientology from 1966 until 1983.When current Scientology leader David Miscavige took the GO over, he claims that it controlled the directorships of every Church of Scientology.(41) It also had 1,100 full-time staff and numerous voluntary “Field Staff Members” by that time. In the late 1960s, Hubbard’s determination that a psychiatric conspiracy was ruling the world grew. Using the Guardian’s Office, he set about taking over psychiatry. The abortive attempt by Deputy Guardian David Gaiman to gain control of the British National Association of Mental Health came during this period.(42) Hubbard blamed the Bank of England,(43) the Communists and the Fascists in turn for this supposed conspiracy. Among the secret objectives of Scientology were to “contact and make friends with and organize all minority groups until we have the biggest group on the planet. By … making friends with even the biggest enemies of the West, we will avert Fascism now taking over in the West.”(44) Shortly before, he had outlined the “vital targets” of Scientology: “T[arget] 1. Depopularising the enemy to a point of total obliteration. T[arget] 2. Taking over the control or allegiance of the heads or proprietors of all news media. T[arget] 3. Taking over the control or allegiance of key political figures. T[arget] 4. Taking over the control or allegiance of those who monitor international finance”.(45) With reference to minority groups, Scientology has allied itself with other totalist groups (”cults”) including the Unification Church, or Moonies and the Children of God (Family of Love). Scientology officials deny the registration in Strassbourg in December 1992 of FIREPHIM. This was allegedly a pact between the Moonies, COG, the Jehovah’s Witnesses, the Raelians In 1973, Hubbard created the most far reaching of his intelligence operations, Snow White. Under the Snow White directive, negative material about Scientology was to be expunged from government files and replaced with positive material. Robert Vaughn Young, who directed the propaganda aspects of Snow White, has recently told his story in Der Spiegel.(46) Operation Snow White was to discover the source of the supposed global attack upon Hubbard and his “humanitarian” teachings. To do so, a massive intelligence agency was brought into being. Snow White was given the “highest priority of all GO activity”.(47) The Guardian’s Office had reached its peak by July 1977, when the FBI launched the largest raid in its history on GO offices. Eleven Scientology officials, including Hubbard’s wife, Mary Sue, were convicted and sent to prison as a consequence of this raid. The sentencing memorandum in USA v. Mary Sue Hubbard et al makes clear the scale of the offences committed by Hubbard’s agents: “The United States initiated the investigation which resulted in the instant indictment in view of the brazen, systematic and persistent burglaries of United States Government offices in Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles, California, over an extended period of at least some two years. Additionally, the United States was confronted with the pervasive conduct of the defendants in this case in thwarting a federal Grand Jury investigation by harboring a fugitive, in effect forcefully kidnapping a witness who had decided to surrender to the federal authorities, submitting false evidence to the Grand Jury, destroying other evidence which might have been of valuable aid to its investigation, preparing a cover-up story, and encouraging and drilling a crucial witness to give false testimony under oath to that Grand Jury … a review of the documents seized in the … searches … show the incredible and sweeping nature of the criminal conduct of the defendants and of the organization which they led. These crimes include infiltration and theft of documents from a number of prominent private national and world organizations, law firms and newspapers; the execution of smear campaigns and baseless law suits to destroy private individuals who had attempted to exercise their First Amendment rights to freedom of expression; the framing of private citizens who had been critical of Scientology, including the forging of documents which led to the indictment of at least one innocent person; violation of the civil rights of prominent private figures and public officials. These are but a few of the criminal acts not covered in the ‘uncontested’ stipulation of evidence … defendant Heldt’s assertion that ‘the policy of the Church prohibits any illegality on the part of its members or staff…’ is totally unfounded and incorrect. The evidence in this case … establish[es] beyond peradventure that the Church and its leadership had, over the years, approved, condoned and engaged in gross and widespread illegality. One, indeed, wonders how it can even be suggested that the defendants and their organization did not make illegal activities part and parcel of their daily work.”(48) A similar prosecution convicted both scientologists and the Church of Scientology in Canada, in 1992. Scientologists had infiltrated the Attorney General’s Ministry and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in the 1970s. Justice James Southey complained that rather than accepting responsibility for its wrongdoing, the Church of Scientology continued to blame those ordered to carry out the espionage work by Church leadership. The judge also said that he was satisfied that the Guardian’s Office was “subject to the control of founder L. Ron Hubbard”.(49) Scientologists have been particularly eager to try and distance Hubbard from the activities of his Guardian’s Office. However, almost ten years before the raid on the GO, Hubbard recorded a lecture which is still sold by Scientology organizations.(50) Having complained that a huge international conspiracy existed against him, Hubbard said, “With all of this action being taken against us in the last 17 years … it was vitally necessary that I isolate who it was on this planet who was attacking us … The Organization, under the direction of Mary Sue [Hubbard], … employed several professional intelligence agents who had long and successful professional backgrounds and they looked into this matter for us and the results of their activities - although still in progress - have told us all we needed to know with regard to any enemy we had on this planet. Our enemies on this planet are less than 12 men. They are members of the Bank of England, and other higher financial circles. They own and control newspaper chains and they are oddly enough directors in all the Mental Health groups in the world … Wilson … the current premier of England [sic, should be Britain] is totally involved with these fellows … They have collected rather interesting files on us … and their orders concerning what to do about this as part of their files all makes very interesting reading. We of course have full copies of their files. It was, of course, their bad luck to tangle with someone who had been trained in the field of intelligence by the allied governments, which is myself, and they had insufficient security and insufficient loyalty amongst their own people to keep out the intelligence agents which we sent against them.”(51) In short, ten years before the FBI raids, Hubbard openly admitted knowledge that “professional intelligence agents” - not private detectives, but “professional intelligence agents” - had been used to steal files. He also clearly stated the major target for Scientology: psychiatry. In a secret 1969 memorandum, Hubbard said “Our war has been forced to become ‘To take over absolutely the field of mental healing on this planet in all forms.’”(52) Following Hubbard’s orders, the GO infiltrated psychiatric associations and hospitals, tried to take over the British National Association of Mental Health and launched an all out war upon psychiatrists. During the Second World War, Hubbard had spent a week in training as an “intelligence officer”. Although, he saw no action in intelligence, he created a mystique around the notion.(53) With the Guardian’s Office he created the largest personal intelligence agency in the history of mankind. In fact, few countries can boast intelligence agencies as large or as effective. Like a child with a new and very dangerous toy, Hubbard set about training his spies. The secret document in which Hubbard stated his aim to take over “mental healing” was concerned with explaining the intelligence functions of the GO. The Guardian’s Office Bureau which spearheaded the assault upon Hubbard’s critics, was first known as the Intelligence Bureau. This was later changed to the more innocent sounding Information Bureau. The Bureau consisted of two departments. Branch Two dealt with “overt data collection”, meaning material in the public record such as media reports and credit ratings. Branch One, or B-1, dealth with “covert data collection” and “covert operations”. Hubbard’s abrupt start to the memorandum, shows an understanding of fundamental espionage technique: “A Case Officer runs agents who essentially are not known to the executive who is running the Case Officer.” He continued, “The Case Officer is also known as an ‘Operator’ or an Intelligence Officer. It is up to him to find agents and come to agreement with them. He himself knows and pays them. The agent is told what is wanted, gets it or finds how it can be gotten or doesn’t exist [sic]. He is paid for what he gets or documents or data. The Case Officer may ‘run’ several agents … In using such data or documents as are furnished, there is a danger of exposing the source of them or the agent so one usually falsifies the source(54) … This is essentially covert data collection.” Covert data collection means illegally entering bank accounts, computer records, phone records and government records and the theft of medical or psychiatric records or psychotherapy notes.(55) It has also meant searching through critics’ garbage and tampering with their mail. In 1993, Lawrence Wollersheim managed to grab an envelope from a Scientology private investigator which demonstrated conclusively that his mail had been tampered with. There have been many reports of garbagee raids in the 1990s. It is sensible to shred or burn copies of bills and personal papers. Sensitive communication is best done through encrypted e-mail. Hackers have shown that virtually no data held in a computer database is truly private. Scientologists have demonstrated great technical proficiency in their attempts to close down the computer Internet alt.religion.scientology newsgroup. With former scientologists, documentary evidence and testimony demonstrate beyond a shadow of a doubt that Hubbard and his wife both ordered the use of scientologists’ supposedly confidential confessional folders. During a Scientology session, the “auditor” keeps a written record of the subject’s utterances. Anything scandalous should be reported to the Ethics Section and from there it would find its way to the Intelligence section. Nowadays, prospective employees are asked to fill in a 110 question “Life history”. This is not held to be confidential by Scientology management. It includes the demand: “Make a chronological list of the names of all persons with whom you have had sexual relationships and what you engaged in. Approximate the number of times you carried on any kind of activity, and note any perversions you engaged in. Be as complete as you can.”(56) It is understandable that very few former members dare to speak out. Active covert data collection is done by putting spies next to an opponent. I have lost count of those employed against me over the years. In 1993, the former head of Investigation in the UK told me that four agents were active against me with another in training. Usually I am approached by someone with a touching story, who claims to be a confused former scientologist. I’ve spent probably hundreds of hours trying to help such people, who turn out to be reporting back to Scientology. For spying purposes, telephones have been preferred because it is easy to tape record a conversation without the target’s knowledge. Where it has proved impossible to put somebody next to a target, then a “listening post” might be put next to one of the target’s friends, carefully picking up and reporting every crumb of information. By creating a web of contacts and monitoring phone records, bank accounts and computer records, it is easy to maintain a picture of the target’s life, so that weaknesses can be exploited. A major aspect of data collection is the so called “roll-back technology” whereby connections between individuals are noted.(57) Scientology delights in publishing far-fetched conspiracy accounts, but this information has another purpose: to create division between friends and co-workers. Rumour campaigns - “third partying” or “black propaganda” - are basic techniques. A common smear has been the assertion that an individual is a child molester. In 1994, a scientologist confidently asserted to a clergyman that I was a rapist and attempted murderer. Author Russell Miller was twice investigated for false accusations of murder in the 1980s. Data, whether obtained “overtly” or “covertly”, would be fed onto a “time-track” or chronology of the individual. Copies of documents which might compromise Scientology would be kept away from public offices. The “time-track” was kept short and fronted a file of publically available material so that if there should be a police raid, nothing of significance would be found. In the secret 1969 memorandum, Hubbard went on to describe the other function of B-1: “A covert operation can be arranged by a Case Officer, using agents but is normally on another set of lines so as to expose nothing of covert data collection by engaging on a covert operation. Essentially a covert operation is intended to embarass, discredit or overthrow or remove an actual or possible opponent. It is a small war carried on without its true source being disclosed … It follows all the rules of war but uses propaganda psychological effect surprise shock, etc. to achieve its ends … To fight a covert operation or to do one needs channels, contacts, direct planned campaigns with known objectives … Covert operations are weak in that they fade out on exposure. Thus a covert operation has to lead to an overt operation to succeed. One sees this in guerilla actions. They begin with propaganda, get stronger by covert political persons found ‘in place’ or planted in the government … and then move into terrorism, bombings, etc., and then into active guerilla warfare and then into formal war.”(58) The most usual form of covert operation in Scientology has been the anonymous tip-off. Because such tip-offs are anonymous, it is hard to prove that they emanate from Scientology. However, tax authorities have confirmed that they received such a report about me from a scientologist. Another scientologist reported me to the police, asserting that I am a kidnapper. Others reported me to the Data Protection Agency. I have also been the subject of anonymous reports to various government agencies and authorities. Scientology spies were trained using a role play drill called “Training Routine Lying”, in accordance with Hubbard’s Fair Game Law. This document, called “TR-L” was read into the record by Mr Justice Latey in a child custody case in London in 1984. It was also exhibited during the trial of the Guardian’s Office staff in the United States. Steven Fishman, who claims to have been a Scientology agent prior to his conviction for stock fraud, has alleged that he introduced a practice called “bingoing the psychs”. He would go to a public library and tear the order forms for information from magazines. Then he would check every item and send the form off, but with a psychiatrist’s name on. The psychiatrist would receive a flood of junk mail.(59) More severe covert operations have included framing journalist Paulette Cooper for a bomb threat, spiking opponents with LSD, death threats, and a fake hit-and-run accident in an attempt to discredit a Florida mayor. Former agent Garry Scarff has alleged in sworn testimony that he was ordered to murder two opponents of Scientology.(60) Steven Fishman has alleged that he blew up an opponent’s car.(61) The GO Intelligence Training Course runs to about 800 pages and included sections on burglary, phone-tapping and breaking and entering. Contrary to public statements, much of the material in the course was written by Hubbard himself. On the reading list for intelligence agents are many books including Sun Tzu’s Art of War, which a 1990s head of the UK Investigation Bureau told me is the current key text, and books about the Nazi spymaster Reinhard Gehlen.(62) David Miscavige has asserted that he closed down the Guardian’s Office in 1983. Eight hundred of the 1,100 staff were supposedly dismissed,(63) but a surprising number of B-1 trainees continued to work for Scientology after the supposed closure. For example, Brian Andrus, an unindicted co-conspirator in the conviction of the eleven GO staff in the U.S., and labelled as a kidnapper and accused of false imprisonment in court documents, moved to Scientology’s governing organization, the Religious Technology Center after leaving the GO. No less than six UK B-1 agents have continued in employment, one of them even heading the UK “Church” for a period in the 1990s. The former head of B-1 Europe moved to head a Scientology Way to Happiness Campaign. Three of those imprisoned in the U.S. are now Patrons - the highest ranking membership - of the International Association of Scientologists.(64) Some of the functions of the GO Information Bureau were taken up by the new Office of Special Affairs Investigation Department (”Invest”), others were given to Private Investigators working under the direction of Scientology lawyers. Only the Washington, D.C., and Toronto cells of the GO were prosecuted. Court records and the testimony of former agents shows that cells were active in London, Boston, Clearwater and Las Vegas. A former B-1 operative has alleged that every Scientology organization throughout the world had a B-1 cell. If this is true, then tens of national espionage networks remained undetected. In the 1990s, information has come to light which suggests that Hubbard’s “scriptures” regarding infiltration and subversion are still being followed. In Denmark, Scientology spies were convicted for theft of documents. In Finland, the president dismissed his scientologist bodyguard. In Germany, political parties have banned scientologists from membership, because of the infiltration policy. In France, a journalist has asserted that at least one presidential aide has colluded with Scientology in an attempt to close down an Inquiry.(65) In Albania, scientologists were ousted in 1993, after what appeared to be a take-over plan. In the Manual of Justice, circulated internally since 1959, Hubbard wrote: “Overt investigation of someone or something attacking us by an outside detective agency should be done more often and hang the expense. It’s very effective … Detectives cost dozens of dollars or pounds. They save thousands.” Since 1983, the use of private detectives has increased considerably. Scientology employs several firms. The best known private detective is Eugene Ingram.(66) Ingram is a former Los Angeles policeman, who is wanted in Oklahoma for carrying a gun without a permit and in Florida for impersonating a police officer. Ingram is employed by Scientology’s in-house law firm, Bowles and Moxon. He has been doing investigation “with a yell” for a dozen years. I have been followed in the U.S. by Ingram and by other Scientology hired private investigators. Ingram visited England to use his own special brand of investigation in 1994. He called on several members of my family, unannounced, and set about doing “noisy investigation”. He accused my 77-year-old mother of growing marijuana plants, and told her that I would soon go to prison. He threatened one of my brothers, saying that Scientology would not only close me down, but would also deal with anyone who supported me. He asserted that Scientology would spend whatever was necessary to silence me. Denying any personal affiliation to Scientology, he claimed to be a Christian by religion. It has been alleged that Ingram also privately boasts that his employment by Scientology has proved so lucrative that it has enabled him to buy a resort village in Mexico. After Ingram left England, some of the weird stories he had dredged up appeared in anonymous scandal sheets. I have been the subject of at least 15 such publications, and have grown weary at the presumption on the part of those who’ve read this nonsense that I will answer each detail of this elaborate character assassination. As Hubbard put it, “Anyone proposing an investigation … must receive this reply … ‘We welcome an investigation into … whoever is attacking us … as we have begun one ourselves and find shocking evidence.’”(67) This simple trick can be surprisingly effective at deflecting criticism of Scientology rather than responding to it. I am currently sueing Scientology and several of its members for malicious falsehood. The best known organs of Scientology are its Freedom newsletter and Membership News, supposedly the journal of a “reformed” Cult Awareness Network. The attempt is to use the printed word to implant suggestions about opponents in the minds of the public. The phrases used have been carefully surveyed for maximum impact,(68) and headquarters issues lists of phrases to be used in print and in interviews. Scientology has programmed phrases to describe Hubbard, his teachings and its critics. So, for several years opponents have been accused of spouting “Goebbels like propaganda”. Opponents are routinely called “hate campaigners”. Two English clergymen were extremely surprised to be labelled “Nazis” in letters to the press. These simplistic propaganda techniques can be remarkably effective. Scientologists assert that they are being “persecuted” in the same way that the Jews were during the holocaust. They obviously view open public debate as “persecution” and have no comprehension of the nature of the holocaust. As a professor of German history and Judaic studies pointed out in a letter to the New York Times it “insults the memory of Holocaust victims to be so used by Scientology propagandists … Nazi persecution meant torture and death for victims.”(69) Having investigated and published inflated, inaccurate and even invented stories about a critic as broadly as possible, Scientology may then resort to civil litigation. It may also attempt to initiate criminal proceedings. In a recent English case, magistrates found the Church of Scientology guilty of “abuse of process” in just such an attempt.(70) I was the subject of a spurious copyright raid by the police in 1994. The raid was initiated by head of Scientology in the UK Sheila Chaleff. No charges were brought. More recently, Scientology has failed to prevent the distribution of its once secret “upper level” or “Operating Thetan” material through the Internet. The raids on U.S. critics have nonetheless been deeply upsetting to those attacked. In 1990, the attempt to prevent publication of my book, A Piece of Blue Sky, in the U.S. failed. Scientology made no complaint about the accuracy of the book, indeed no such complaint has ever been made to me, but wanted to ban it for use of Hubbard quotations. In 1993, discovering that life history letters that I had been requested to write by Guardian’s Office officials in confidence had been circulated, I brought a Breach of Confidence suit in England. This was the beginning of a series of disasters. My lawyers did not tell me that I was eligible for state legal aid. Before seeing the documents, a barrister approved an affirmation in which I said that I had hundreds of client letters which might be relevant to the issue of damages. The barrister then looked at the documents and decided that only about 40 were relevant. Scientology managed to get a ruling that I had withheld evidence. My case was dismissed without trial, and Scientology began to claim that I had lied in an affirmation, because I had said I had disclosed all relevant documents. This led to Scientology publishing an edition of Freedom labelling me a “chronic liar”. Because I had not known I could receive legal aid, costs of over 16,000 pounds were awarded against me. Meanwhile, suits were brought against me by the headmistress of a Scientology school and by Scientology’s Narconon. Both of these suits were for libel, which cannot be state aided in England. I borrowed an enormous amount of money, confident that the English legal system would vindicate me. The headmistress asserted that I had libelled her in a paragraph of my book, A Piece of Blue Sky. She asserted that I had failed to produce notes of an interview. There were no such notes. The easiest course would have been to claim that they had existed but had been destroyed. Instead, I told the truth. The judge ruled that I had failed to disclose documents, and my defense was struck.(71) There was no trial, no evidence was considered, but a ruling was entered in the scientologist’s favour. As a consequence, I was bankrupted, which means that all of my assets have been seized, and that for the next three years, I will probably be in the hands of the Scientology appointed Trustee in Bankruptcy. As Hubbard said, “the law can be used very easily to harass”.(72) Lord Wolfe, heading an Inquiry into the English justice system, has said that in reality whoever has the most money wins. Scientology relies upon concerted attacks. Strategies usually include at least three attacks placed close together. This is to cause maximum stress. I came to the point where it was hard to keep up with the scandal sheets, the overlapping legal actions and the Scientology picketers marching up and down outside my house waving placards.(73) In the midst of this, I was subjected to a police raid and a tax investigation. Shortly before my bankruptcy in May, two more suits were brought against me, which seek to prevent me from distributing Scientology documents. These suits are pending, as is my own countersuit for malicious falsehood. In the U.S., individual scientologists and Sterling Management brought 54 suits against the Cult Awareness Network and its members. To date, 53 of these suits have been withdrawn or dismissed, but the stress of litigation is difficult to deal with.(74) Thankfully, most european litigation has gone against Scientology this year, and significant rulings have been obtained in the U.S. in the last two months.(75) In Canada, the Supreme Court upheld previous rulings in lawyer Casey Hill’s libel suit against Scientology. The Court ruled “every aspect of this case demonstrates the very real and persistent malice of Scientology … Scientology’s behaviour throughout can only be characterized as recklessly high-handed, supremely arrogant and contumacious. There seems to have been a continuing conscious effort on Scientology’s part to intensify and perpetuate its attack on Casey Hill without any regard for the truth of its allegations.” Scientology was forced to pay $3 million to Hill at the beginning of September. Hubbard led his followers to believe that his teachings were the focus of a conspiracy of more than global proportions. The conspiracy is the work of aliens, according to secret teachings.(76) Scientologists are the “soldiers of light” reincarnated over the quadrillenia to fight the menace of the “priests and psychs”, the Suppressive Persons who control the world. Scientologists have to infiltrate themselves into positions of power, report what they discover and use their influence for the benefit of Scientology. Scientology is still engaged in a Hubbard plot to take over “mental healing”, because this is the centre of the conspiracy. In the 1950s, Hubbard wrote reports to the communist activities branch of the FBI.(77) By the 1960s, he was talking privately about a fascist conspiracy.(78) An example of the use of non-staff scientologists to perform operations came with the creation, post Guardian’s Office, of the Minutemen in Los Angeles. Minutemen were used to harass former members who were trying to practise Scientology without a license from Hubbard. Meetings were raided and participants subjected to loud verbal abuse. One former member had her windows pelted with eggs and her doorstep covered with maggots.(79) In the 1980s, a document was issued for scientologists to fill in called the Power Comm[unication] Lines Survey. In this scientologists were asked to name anyone of influence within their circle of acquaintances. Such contacts included “opinion leaders” in the fields of media, legal, financial, entertainment and politics. The current life history questionnaire asks similar questions, including information relating to government agencies and national secrets. Scientology has a high powered computer network - called INCOMM - which is quite capable of performing state of the art data analysis and comparison. In summary, according to his “religious scripture” all critics of Scientology are criminal, and under the Fair Game law have no human rights. Over the years, the Hubbard intelligence strategy has used scientologists or private investigators for: 1. Overt data collection - material in the public record. 2 Covert data collection, by theft of material and the use of spies. 3. Noisy investigation. The foregoing would be used to create a life history or “time-track” which would be used to assess weakpoints. 4. Vehement publication of scandals whether real or imagined, and street demonstrations. 5. Covert operations - anonymous tip-offs and smear campaigns. 6. Litigation. Very few people can stand up to such an assault. My own life has been savaged by Scientology. I am bankrupt. My wife and I separated after 19 years together last year. I have had to leave my home, and have lost daily contact with my two young children. My health has suffered. A few months ago, I reluctantly responded to the latest in a long line of Scientology offers of settlement, willing for the first time to offer my silence in return for a cessation of hostilities and the payment of compensation. The offer by return was that they would leave me alone if I would give them the rights to my published work, my unique collection of Scientology papers and my permanent silence.(81) So the fight continues. We are none of us powerless in this struggle. Anyone who is concerned that such an organization can act in such a way can complain to the authorities and inform others of the true nature of Scientology. Only through a grass roots campaign will Scientology’s injustices be ended. I entreat anyone who is concerned to join in the debate on the Internet, where Scientology has become one of the busiest newsgroups, because of its perceived disdain for free speech. Through the battle on the Internet, in the alt.religion.scientology newsgroup, this perfidious organization will continue to be exposed. Hopefully, its members will be freed from the black enchantment of their indoctrination. Hopefully, the immoral and disgraceful tactics of Scientology will be exposed for what they are, an attempt to stifle free speech and to destroy critics, and ultimately an insane plot to take-over the world. And, hopefully, through the support and encouragement of good people, my own arduous struggle will come to a happy conclusion. Thank-you. Footnotes
Scientologist’s death differs in two tellingsBy THOMAS C. TOBIN ©St. Petersburg Times, published September 4, 1997 The Church of Scientology’s original portrayal of how a 36-year-old woman died under its care bears little resemblance to the sobering tale unfolding this summer with the release of the church’s own internal records. The records are a collection of detailed, handwritten logs kept by the low- and mid-level Scientology staffers who cared for Lisa McPherson at the church’s Fort Harrison Hotel in November and December 1995. Their contents — page after page of frank and vivid daily reports — contrast starkly with the official version of McPherson’s death put out last December by the church and its Los Angeles lawyer Elliot Abelson. When the media began to report on McPherson’s death in December 1996, Abelson arrived in Clearwater to, in his words, “settle things down.” Eight months later, as authorities continue a criminal investigation into McPherson’s death, Abelson’s initial story seems sanitized, incomplete and, in parts, implausible and inaccurate. Was Scientology trying to mask what really happened to Lisa McPherson? No, say the church’s lawyers. If the story sounds different today, it’s because the church itself has been learning more about the case as the investigation progresses, said Tampa lawyer Laura Vaughan, who is part of the local legal team recruited to represent the church in the McPherson case. “There was no evil motive or intent” to hide anything, Vaughan said. “We know a lot more about what went on.” When the case became public in December, Abelson described McPherson’s 17-day stay at the Fort Harrison as a vacation-like experience amid four-star accommodations. He said that she checked herself in to rest and relax and that she was visited by friends. He said she could order from room service and was free to come and go. He said that she suddenly became fatally ill on the final day of her stay and that she received no medical care before that. There was no need for it, he said at the time. “She just wanted to rest and think and get her strength back.” Indeed, the church’s four-page, 1,200-word news release devoted a scant 41 words to explaining what happened to McPherson. It said: “Lisa McPherson had been staying at the Fort Harrison Hotel after a traumatic car accident. During her stay, she suddenly took ill. After her initial reluctance was overcome, she was driven to see a physician of her choice, but died en route.” Absent were the many details contained in Scientology’s internal notes. They tell the far different story of a young woman so mentally unstable she acted like a robot and thought she was L. Ron Hubbard, Scientology’s founder. She fought with her caregivers and often spit out her food or refused to eat. She cried and babbled and broke things. She soiled herself, lost substantial weight and eventually grew too weak to stand. And, contrary to Abelson’s statement that McPherson received no medical care at the Fort Harrison, the records say Scientology staffers with medical training monitored her condition, gave her a prescription sedative and administered injections of magnesium. On her 17th day at the hotel, McPherson died while being driven in a van to a hospital 24 miles away so she could be seen by an emergency room doctor who also is a Scientologist. Although Abelson was saying several months ago he had “taken a hard look” at the case, he now says he didn’t know then that the staff notes existed. He also says he knew almost nothing about McPherson’s death until it appeared in a newspaper story on Dec. 16, 1996. “There were lots of details in the (staff) records that I had no idea about,” Abelson said. “What I knew was what our people told us happened.” Though armed with only partial information, Abelson accused Clearwater police of unfairly targeting Scientology, he blasted the media for its reporting of McPherson’s death, and he publicly called Medical Examiner Joan Wood a “hateful liar” for making statements about the case. Such actions are consistent with the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard who instructed his church to fight back, hit hard and regain the advantage when it believes it is under attack. “I knew their facts were wrong,” Abelson said, referring to the police and medical examiner. “Did I have the empirical data that I have now? No. Did anyone? No.” Asked why church officials didn’t come forth earlier with the care records, Abelson said the records were scattered in various church offices from Clearwater to Los Angeles. Abelson and Vaughan, whom church officials designated to comment for this story, said they believe many of the details that have emerged in the records support, rather than contradict, the church’s original account. For example, they cite the church’s contention that McPherson received fluids at the Fort Harrison and was conscious during her final hours. Wood, the medical examiner, had told reporters that she concluded from the autopsy that McPherson had been unconscious for up to 48 hours before her death and had been without fluids for five to 10 days. The church’s records conflict with those finding. “I think the truth is not as awful as what was reported initially,” Vaughan said. “It’s amazing what a little bit of knowledge can do.” Indeed, what’s known today about McPherson’s stay at the Fort Harrison goes well beyond the spare description church officials initially gave the public. A review of the church’s early statements shows many key areas where the original version fell short: Doctor in the house?Abelson said in an interview on Dec. 16, 1996, that McPherson received no medication or professional medical help at the hotel. “There was no need for it,” he said But the church’s own records show that McPherson received doses of chloral hydrate, a prescription sedative, and that she was given injections of magnesium. In addition, they say a staff dentist “got . . . aspirin down her throat.” The records also say McPherson was monitored by Janis Johnson, a medical doctor who is not licensed in Florida but worked in the church medical liaison office. Johnson visited McPherson, checked her body temperature, gauged her respiration, administered medication, diagnosed her as septic, determined she needed antibiotics and drove her to the hospital. Another medical officer monitored her respiration and pulse and suggested an intravenous tube, the notes reveal. Church officials insist Johnson was not functioning as a doctor. But Scientology staffers referred to her in their notes as “doctor” Johnson. In addition, the church held Johnson out as a doctor in a 1996 television infomercial advertising a set of Scientology books and tapes. Johnson gave a testimonial wearing a white lab coat and stethoscope. She stood in a doctor’s office and talked about “my 12 years of medical practice.” According to records in Arizona, where Johnson let her license lapse, the 12 years include her time as a church staffer. A nice hotel roomIn December and January, Abelson painted a benign picture of McPherson’s stay in a “very nice hotel room” at the Fort Harrison He told a national audience on the television show Inside Edition: “She rested, she slept a lot. Nothing unusual, really, until the end of her stay.” At the time, McPherson had been dead over a year and Abelson said he had “really taken a hard look at what happened.” Many details were missing from his account. Abelson later revealed McPherson had turned violent and began banging on walls around the midpoint of her 17-day stay. Now, it’s known from records, that McPherson first became violent on the fourth day of her stay and that she was doing much more than banging walls. Scientology lawyer Sandy Weinberg said this summer that McPherson was “severely mentally disturbed and was scratching herself, biting herself, punching objects, kicking, hitting walls and generally flailing about.” Her choice of physicianAbelson said several times that the decision to take McPherson to a remote hospital was based on her wishes. He said McPherson didn’t trust doctors but was persuaded to see a Scientologist who is a doctor on staff at a New Port Richey hospital But notes by church staffers raise questions about whether McPherson was mentally capable of participating in such a decision. For more than two weeks, the notes say, McPherson was babbling and incoherent, scooting across the floor, jumping off her bed, breaking things, hitting people, banging walls, refusing food, vomiting and soiling herself. Her caregivers gave her baths; helped her to the restroom; fed her, sometimes by force; and prevented her from leaving the room. They decided what she ate and drank, and what vitamins and medications she received. If the church’s account is true, McPherson’s caregivers suddenly stopped making decisions for her, and she summoned the sanity on the night of her death to select “the physician of her choice.” Although the church made detailed notes about the events just before the hospital trip, none mention McPherson choosing her doctor. The notes say two church staffers telephoned Dr. David Minkoff, a Scientologist on staff in the emergency room at Columbia New Port Richey Hospital, who agreed to see McPherson. They say McPherson was “told” they were taking her to Minkoff. Free to come and goIn December and January Abelson said on several occasions McPherson was “free to come and go” at the Fort Harrison. Later, he would say she was isolated but that it “was Lisa’s wish. But eight months later, church lawyer Laura Vaughan acknowledges there were times when McPherson was kept from leaving. In addition, the church says in court documents she was “occasionally held by fellow parishioners when she attempted to do harm to herself or others.” Also, one church staffer wrote that McPherson “tried to go out of the door” on her first day at the hotel, which suggests she was stopped. The records make references to “guards” being close at hand. But Vaughan, a church lawyer, makes a distinction: “I would not characterize it as being held against her will. It’s unfair to characterize it that way.” She said church staffers acted to prevent McPherson from hurting herself. “They were trying to help her,” she said. “People weren’t trying to hold her captive.” The last dayLast December, Abelson said McPherson suddenly fell ill on her last day at the hotel. He said church staffers got help as soon as they could but didn’t consider it an emergency But the staffers’ notes indicate McPherson was suffering significant physical problems well before the ride to the hospital. Three days before her death she was too weak to stand by herself, the notes say. And on the day she died, staffers wrote she was soiled in diarrhea, that her weight had dropped dramatically in 24 hours and that she “looked very sick and was breathing heavily.” Still, they went ahead with a plan to take her to a hospital in the next county. It took 45 minutes to drive McPherson there, the notes say. Vaughan said while McPherson may have been weak, it “wasn’t to the point where anyone thought she was in physical danger.” Another doctor, Dr. David Niles, now says he was sitting next to Minkoff, the Scientologist doctor, when a call came to the hospital about McPherson. He said he heard Minkoff say “he thought that person should go to the closest facility.” The church’s own records say Minkoff immediately saw McPherson was dead and asked why she wasn’t brought in sooner. Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater is two minutes away from the Fort Harrison Hotel. ©Copyright 1997 St. Petersburg Times. All rights reserved.
Steven Fishman Judge Beezer of the Court of Appeals further denied the Church’s motion to The controversy began in November of 1991, when the Church of Scientology After my arrest by the FBI in July of 1988, Church officials, church I was thrown into “Treason” a low ethics condition, and was told by my April 29, 1994 Page 2 Time 11:45 AM In an effort to suppress the Church’s involvement in the fraud, Church I suffered a psychotic break, and I was institutionalized at the Hollywood The FBI limited its investigation of the Church’s involvement in the fraud My expert witnesses on cults, Dr. Margaret Singer and Dr. Richard Ofshe, With all possibilities of a fair trial derailed by the Church of While at the Federal Correctional Institution of Tallahassee, prison While in prison, I began to turn my life around by becoming a cooperating In November 1991, I was in fact sued, along with my psychologist, Dr. April 29, 1994 Page 3 Time 11:45 AM In the course of defending my civil suit, I had to prove something that I In order to do this, I introduced into the court record OT Levels I The OT materials remained unsealed for eighteen months. Despite the Dr. Geertz’ attorney, Graham Berry of the law firm of Lewis, D’Amato, David Miscavige’s mother-in-law, Mary Florence “Flo” Barnett, died from Furthermore, one of David Miscavige’s sisters had committed suicide after Knowing through policy letters on the subject that the Church maintains a April 29, 1994 Page 4 Time 11:45 AM Not willing to confront the interrogation of the celebrities or David The court agreed to dismiss the suit, which was a victory for the Why are these “secrets” so important to the Church of Scientology? Why has the cult gone through such lengths and spent so much money to seal To understand this, one must first grasp exactly what the upper levels are During 1981, while I was an agent in the old Guardian’s Office of The following is a brief summary of what was written by L. Ron Hubbard in In 1947, L. Ron Hubbard was a psychiatric patient at the Oak Knoll Naval At one point Hubbard was placed in a six-man ward where there was a Hubbard wrote that he “experimented on the man”, and noticed that the man This little vignette from Hubbard’s past is starkly familiar to processes April 29, 1994 Page 5 Time 11:45 AM Central to Scientology dogma is the concept of the thetan, or spiritual Next is where the control mechanism comes in on the upper levels – Thus, a thetan who lost power sufficient to pick up a new body would Rather than go to a doctor or psychologist, the individual would be Therefore, the conventional physician, whether treating the body of the If a wealthy Scientologist makes it as far as the upper OT Levels, he will For the benefit of those who subscribe to the technology, even if there April 29, 1994 Page 6 Time 11:45 AM dangerous to the sanity of the victim, since it is a form of demonic Consequently, the OT Levels induce schizophrenia and schizophrenic What the OT levels have produced is thousands of McClellans — individuals In defending my lawsuit, I argued the principle of “informed consent” The Church of Scientology vehemently wants to keep these levels secret After all, don’t Tom Cruise, Kirstie Alley, John Travolta, Demi Moore, and The public domain is the most important forum we have as a free society. April 29, 1994 Page 7 Time 11:45 AM Now that the upper level materials are finally unsealed, people are Freedom of choice is inherent in religious freedom. Secrecy and covert That the United States District Court has both recognized and acknowledged Respectfully Submitted, [signed] Steven Fishman
Date: October 2, 2005
The New York Post reports that Scientology auditor and course supervisor Gabriel Williams repeatedly raped a 16-year-old Scientologist who had been ordered to live with Williams while she worked at Scientology’s Mountain View org.
The Scientology church paid Williams a large settlement, and Williams went to jail.
Date: December 21, 2005
The US Tax Court rules against Michael and Maria Sklar, who were seeking the right to deduct the cost of their children’s religious education, a right that the IRS grants only to Scientologists.
At the start of this case, the IRS mistakenly thought the Sklars were deducting fees paid to Scientology, and allowed the deductions. When the IRS realized that the fees were paid for Jewish religious training, rather than Scientology courses or services, the deduction was disallowed.
Date: February 23, 2006
Rolling Stone’s “Inside Scientology: Unlocking the complex code of America’s most mysterious religion”, discusses auditing, Scientology’s secrets, and disconnection. Journalist Janet Reitman writes:
The article covers life in Scientology and the controversies surrounding the organization with a balance, a compassion, and an understanding rarely matched in the press. Reitman covers the Sea Org, the security check, Scientology’s aversion to psychiatry, Scientology jargon, and much more.
Date: June 25, 2006
The St. Petersburg Times published “The Unperson,” a story about disconnection and Suppressive Persons in Scientology:
Date: January 12, 2007
by Jason Beattie The Labour Party received thousands of pounds from an offshoot of Scientology, the Evening Standard reveals today. The decision to accept money from a charity linked to the controversial cult was taken at the highest level by members of the National Executive Committee. They allowed the charity, the Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE), to take a stall at the party’s annual conference in Manchester. Exhibitors at the conference have to pay up to Pounds 13,500. The stand was part of an extensive lobbying operation by Scientology members to promote its drug treatment programme, Narconon, and the criminal rehabilitation scheme Criminon. Correspondence obtained by the Evening Standard under the Freedom of Information Act reveals how Graeme Wilson of the Church of Scientology met Baroness Scotland - then a Home Office minister - in Manchester in September. Baroness Scotland was later invited to attend the opening of the Scientology’s new base in London and was handed information about Narconon. The invitation was passed to drugs minister Vernon Coaker who declined it to “due to diary commitments”. Critics of Narconon claim it is a front for Scientology, a “religion” founded by science fiction writer L Ron Hubbard which counts John Travolta and Tom Cruise among its devotees. Labour allowed ABLE to exhibit despite concerns about Scientology and its offshoots. The director of the Prison Service has said that Narconon is not a “validated programme” and has advised against its use as a treatment. Drugs charity Addaction also opposes the programme saying it is “not scientifically sound”. Labour confirmed he decision to accept money from the Scientologists to exhibit was taken by a committee of the NEC. NEC members include Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and party chairman Hazel Blears. A Labour Party conference spokesman said the money received was a business transaction and did not constitute a donation. He added: “Approval for organisationslooking to attend conferences is made after careful consideration by the NEC board. We do reserve the right to exclude an organisation but in this case approval was given.” He added: “We do not comment on individual exhibitors but every year exhibitors represent a range of views and opinions. Their policies may not always reflect those of the Labour Party.” In addition to the conference stand, ABLE staged a “state-of-the- art exhibition” in a hotel near the Manchester centre “for Members of Parliament and others attending the conference”. Scientology’s lobbying follows revelations that followers arranged talks on drugs at schools through Narconon. A Home Office spokeswoman said it did not meet the standards required by the National Offender Management Service. “The view is that drug treatment needs to be evidence based,” she said.
“Scientology is a religious philosophy in its highest meaning as it brings man to Total Freedom.” - L. Ron Hubbard, Religious Philosophy and Religious Practice, 21 June 1960, revised 18 April 1967. “An endless freedom from is a perfect trap, a fear of all things … Fixed on too many barriers, man yearns to be free. But launched into total freedom he is purposeless and miserable.” - L. Ron Hubbard, The Reason Why; 15 May 1956. `The work of L. Ron Hubbard has been surrounded by controversy since he first announced his “modern science of mental health” in 1950. His followers assert that he is not only the reincarnation of Buddha but also Maitreya, who according to Buddhist legend will lead the world to enlightenment. To Scientologists, L. Ron Hubbard is quite simply the wisest, the most compassionate and the most perceptive human being ever to draw breath. Yet, Hubbard was dubbed “schizophrenic and paranoid” by a California Superior Court judge, and Scientology dismissed as “immoral and socially obnoxious” by a High Court judge in London. Scientologists have been convicted of criminal offences in Canada, the USA, Denmark and Italy. An enormous amount of documented evidence demonstrates that Hubbard was not what he claimed to be, and that his subject does not confer the benefits claimed for it. The Church of Scientology is an enormously wealthy, global organization, with over 270 churches and missions. Using profoundly invasive hypnotic techniques, Scientology has managed to inspire the at times fanatical devotion of tens of thousands of previously normal and intelligent people. 2 INVOLVEMENTMost people come to Scientology when their lives are in crisis. Scientology uses manipulative recruiting techniques to heighten vulnerability, and falsely promises a solution for almost any problem. From the beginning, the new recruit is subjected to techniques which induce euphoria. The desire for this euphoric state can be likened to a drug addiction, often rendering members all but incapable of critical thinking with regard to Scientology. The Church of Scientology very rapidly comes to dominate the member, prohibiting contact with anyone hostile to the movement, and insisting that a huge conspiracy exists which is intent upon destroying Scientology. The mark of a fanatic is the inability to even consider evidence. Unfortunately most Scientologists simply close their eyes and ears to criticism. 3 L. RON HUBBARD“The evidence portrays a man who has been virtually a pathological liar when it comes to his history, background and achievements. The writings and documents in evidence additionally reflect his egoism, greed, avarice, lust for power, and vindictiveness and aggressiveness against persons perceived by him to be disloyal or hostile.” -California Superior Court Judge Breckenridge, speaking of L. Ron Hubbard, in a 1984 decision. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, creator of Dianetics and Scientology, was born in the United States, in 191l. Hubbard claimed he could ride before he could walk, and that he was riding broncos at the age of three-and-a-half, by which time he could also allegedly read and write. He also claimed to have been a bloodbrother of the Blackfoot Indians by the age of four. However, the Blackfoot Indians dismiss ” bloodbrothers” as a Hollywood fantasy, and there is no more truth in Hubbard’s other boasts. His early life was undistinguished, and one childhood friend recalls that Hubbard was actually afraid of horses. Hubbard asserted that his grandfather was a wealthy cattle-baron. Factually, Lafayette Waterbury was a small town veterinarian, who ran a series of failing businesses. Hubbard said that his interest in the human mind was sparked by a meeting with Commander Thompson, a U.S. Navy doctor, when he was twelve. However, Hubbard’s extensive teenage diaries-used as evidence in a California court case-show no interest in psychological or philosophical ideas. Hubbard told his followers that he spent five years between the ages of fourteen and nineteen–travelling alone in China, Mongolia, India and Tibet, and studying with holy men. He did not actually visit Mongolia, India nor Tibet. His two visits to China were short excursions in the company of his mother. Hubbard confessed the brevity of his Chinese stay in an interview with Adventure magazine in 1935. Hubbard was nineteen when he entered George Washington University, where he intended to major in Civil Engineering. He failed to qualify for the third year of the course, because his grades were too low. It would later be claimed that Hubbard had degrees in both civil engineering and mathematics. He graduated in neither, and his grades in mathematics were very poor. While at University, Hubbard also failed a short course in “molecular and atomic physics”, which prompted his ludicrous assertion that he was “one of America’s first Nuclear Physicists”. 4 EXPEDITIONSDuring his last semester at University, Hubbard arranged the “Caribbean Motion Picture Expedition”. It was later asserted that this expedition provided “invaluable data” to the University of Michigan and the Hydrographic Office, neither of which have any record of it. In fact, the trip was announced in the University newspaper under the heading “L. Ron Hubbard Heads Movie Cruise Among Old American Piratical Haunts”. In the event, the expedition reached only three of its sixteen proposed ports of call, failing to take any Film. In a 1950 interview, Hubbard dismissed it as “a two-bit expedition and a financial bust”. Hubbard’s second supposed expedition was described by him as the “first complete mineralogical survey” of Puerto Rico. Again, there are no records of such a survey, because Hubbard seems to have spent most of his time in Puerto Rico prospecting unsuccessfully for gold. He worked briefly as a civil engineer’s assistant before returning to the U.S. In February l940, Hubbard talked his way into membership of the Explorers’ Club of New York and was awarded an expedition flag for his proposed “Alaskan Radio Experimental Expedition”. Hubbard was trying out a new system of radio navigation, and used the “expedition” to beg equipment to refit his 32-foot ketch, the Magician. Claims made by the Scientologists that the expedition was commissioned by the U.S. government are unfounded. Writing to the Seattle Star in November 1940, Hubbard complained that the “expedition” had been hindered by repeated failures of the Magician’s engine. Hubbard and his first wife spent most of their time stranded in Ketchikan, Alaska, while he tried to write enough stories to pay for costly engine repairs. Eventually, he used borrowed money to leave Alaska - money he failed to repay. 5 PULP FICTIONThe Scientologists have claimed that upon leaving college Hubbard “went straight into the world of fiction writing and before two months were over had established himself in that field at a pay level which, for those times, was astronomical”. Factually, it took Hubbard several years to make even a precarious living from his writing. He wrote under such stirring pen names as Rene Lafayette, Tom Esterbrook, Kurt von Rachen, Captain B.A. Northrup, and Winchester Remington Colt. Under the name Legionnaire I48, Hubbard concocted “true” stories about his supposed exploits in the French Foreign Legion, but mainly he churned out adventure stories for the cheap “pulp” magazines. He contributed to many such magazines, including Thrilling Adventures, The Phantom Detective and Smashing Novels Magazine, eventually turning to science-fiction and writing chiefly for Astounding Science Fiction. His pulp stories include `The Carnival of Death”, “King of the Gunmen” and “Man-Killers of the Air”. By the time he created Dianetics, in 1950, he was writing imaginative, if rather unstylish, science-fiction, and exploring ideas which he would later incorporate into Scientology. 6 THE WAR YEARSHubbard’s eyesight had prevented his admission to the U.S. Naval Academy, prior to his enrolment at University. In 1941, he was accepted into the Navy Reserve after receiving a waiver for his inadequate vision. Many outlandish claims were made by Hubbard about his achievements while in the U.S. Navy. For instance, he bragged that he had been the first returned casualty from the Far east. In fact, he was shipped to Australia in December 1941, and he sufficiently antagonised his superiors to be returned to the U.S. after only a few months. After his return, in March 1942, Hubbard was posted as a mail censor in New York. The Scientologists have boasted that Hubbard “rose to command a squadron”. Factually, he oversaw the refitting of two small vessels in U.S. harbours. His second such command was withdrawn after a cruise down the west coast. During the course of this journey, Hubbard managed to involve a number of craft in a 55-hour battle against what he believed to be two Japanese submarines. The incident was reviewed by Admiral Fletcher who pronounced “an analysis of all reports convinces me that there was no submarine in the area …The Commanding Officers of all ships except the PC-815 (commanded by Hubbard) state they had no evidence of a submarine and do not think a submarine was in the area.” Hubbard completed this “shakedown cruise” by firing on a fortunately uninhabited Mexican island. He was removed from command, and Rear Admiral Braisted wrote in a fitness report, “Consider this officer lacking in the essential qualities of judgment, leadership and cooperation. He acts without forethought as to probable results … Not considered qualified for command or promotion at this time. Recommend duty on a large vessel where he can be properly supervised.” The advice was followed, and Hubbard served briefly as a navigation officer aboard the USS Algol, before its departure from U.S. waters. Hubbard was one of hundreds of officers transferred to the School of Military Government on the Campus of Princeton University. This was to lead to Hubbard’s later and completely false boast to have graduated from Princeton. In a more candid moment, Hubbard said that he “flunked” his overseas examination. 7 WAR WOUNDSAt different times, anywhere from 21 to 27 medals have been claimed for Hubbard, including a Purple Heart, awarded only to those wounded in combat. Not only was Hubbard not wounded, but apart from his imaginary submarine battle, he never saw combat. He received four routine service medals for his duty in Australia and the U.S. In an article called “My Philosophy”, Hubbard claimed to have been “blinded with injured optic nerves, and lame with physical injuries to hip and back, at the end of World War II … My Service record stated … `permanently disabled physically’.” Elsewhere, Hubbard said that a few days before the end of the war, he managed to get the better of three petty officers in a fight in Hollywood. In contradictory accounts, Hubbard claimed to have spent either one or two years at Oak Knoll Naval Hospital, developing Dianetics and curing his injuries through its use. The origin of Dianetics is obscured by conflicting Scientology accounts, which variously assert that his recovery came in 1944, 1947 or 1949. Factually, Hubbard spent the last months of the war largely as an outpatient at Oakland Naval Hospital. His chief complaint was an ulcer, though between his admission to hospital and his separation from the Navy his eyesight deteriorated markedly. This visual deterioration became part of his pension claim to the Veterans Administration. 8 SEX MAGICKWith his separation from the Navy, Hubbard abandoned his first wife and their two young children to take up the practice of “Magick”. Hubbard had experienced a peculiar hallucination in 1938, while under nitrous oxide during a dental operation. He believed that he had died during the operation and while dead been shown a great wealth of knowledge. Upon his recovery, he wrote a book called Excalibur, but was unable to find a publisher. Hubbard’s interest in the occult also led to a brief membership in a Rosicrucian group. He told a friend that he believed himself protected by a guardian spirit whom he called “the Empress”; and he was to repeat this claim to one of his followers many years later. In 1945, Hubbard took up with Jack Parsons, head of the Pasadena lodge of Aleister Crowley’s Ordo Templi Orientis. Crowley styled himself “the Beast 666″, servant of the Antichrist, and advocated the use of addictive drugs and bizarre sexual practices. Jack Parsons was a chemist and an early member of Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, but his passion was Magick (as Crowley respelled the word). Hubbard and Parsons performed sexual ceremonies to summon a woman willing to become the mother of “Babalon”, the incarnation of evil. The affair ended with Hubbard running off not only with Parsons’ girl Sara, but also with his money. Hubbard married Sara Northrup bigamously, and started to write pathetic letters applying for a war pension. In October 1947, when according to later accounts he had “cured” himself through Dianetics, Hubbard admitted to suicidal tendencies and begged for psychiatric help in a letter to the Veterans Administration. Hubbard continued to perform black magic rituals and started to use self hypnosis, confiding to his notebook such hypnotic affirmations as “all men are my slaves”. His personal papers also make it clear that he was deliberately pretending war-related ailments so that he could claim a pension increase. By this time, Hubbard was already addicted to the barbiturate drugs originally prescribed for his ulcer. His drug use continued during his Scientology career, even though he was to sponsor the Scientology anti-drug group Narconon. Although Dianetics claims to overcome compulsions with ease, Hubbard was unable to kick the tobacco habit, and chain-smoked over 80 cigarettes a day. 9 DIANETICS“Hypnotism was used for research, then abandoned.” - L. Ron Hubbard, Dianetics: the Modern Science of Mental Health. Hubbard gave stage demonstrations of hypnosis in 1948, and wrote to his literary agent about a new project with many selling “angles”. Marrying hypnotic technique to research long abandoned by Freud, Hubbard came up with Dianetics. In 1950, he modified the hypnotic technique without further “research” to write the book Dianetics: the Modern Science of Mental Health. In a 1909 lecture, Freud explained a method for uncovering traumatic memories. Patients were asked to recall earlier and earlier life incidents on a “chain” until the emotional “charge” was released. Hubbard not only took the technique, he even retrained several of the expressions used by the translator of these lectures. Freud had abandoned the technique, because it was laborious and completely failed to uncover key repressions. In fact, after sometimes providing initial relief, Dianetics all too often deteriorates into the dangerous conviction that entirely imaginary incidents are literal truth. Hubbard took Freud’s technique, added a little of the then- popular General Semantics, and asserted that the “basic” or original traumatic incidents had occurred in the womb. In this he was following the work of Otto Rank, Nandor Fodor and J. Sadger. Hubbard also asserted that it was actually possible to recall prenatal incidents, right back to conception (the “sperm dream”). Fodor too had written of prenatal memory. Hubbard redefined the existing term “engram” as a label for traumatic incidents where the individual has lost consciousness. Dianetics: the Modern Science of Mental Health proclaims that by “erasing” the engrams, the individual is freed from compulsions, obsessions, neuroses, and such conditions as heart trouble, poor eyesight, asthma, colour blindness, allergies, stuttering, poor hearing, sinusitis, high blood pressure, dermatitis, migraine, ulcers, arthritis, morning sickness, the common cold, conjunctivitis, alcoholism and tuberculosis. Hubbard soon claimed cures for cancer and leukaemia. No scientific evidence for these claims has ever been produced. Once the first engram (or “basic-basic”) has been erased, the individual is supposedly “Clear”, free from all deficiencies, and possessed of a high IQ. After repeated challenges, Hubbard eventually put a Clear on show in August 1950, at the Shrine Auditorium, in Los Angeles. Despite Hubbard’s claims that a Clear would have “a near perfect memory”, the woman, a Physics major, was unable to remember a basic physics formula. She could not even recall the colour of Hubbard’s tie when his back was turned. Dianetics sold 150,000 copies before being withdrawn from sale by its publisher. The American Psychological Association cautioned would-be Dianeticists that no scientific evidence for the many claims made in Dianetics had been forthcoming. There can be no doubt that Hubbard had invented both cases and statistics to write the book. Hubbard’s following diminished as people realised that his claims were grossly exaggerated, and with the collapse of the first Dianetic Foundations and Hubbard’s second marriage. Sara Hubbard charged that her husband had tortured her with sleep deprivation, drugs and physical attacks. She claimed that he had once strangled her until the eustachian tube to her left ear ruptured, leaving her hearing inpaired. Hubbard fled to Cuba, after seizing their baby daughter, in what proved to be a successful attempt to silence Sara. With the backing of millionaire Don Purcell, Hubbard was able to return to the United States, where Sara accepted a divorce settlement. She withdrew her earlier claims, in return for their infant daughter, whom she had not seen for several months. The new Wichita Foundation soon ran into trouble, and Hubbard abandoned it to its creditors, accusing Don Purcell - who had earlier saved him - of accepting $500,000 from the American Medical Association to ruin him. This was far from the last display of paranoia of Hubbard’s part. 10 SCIENTOLOGY“We’ve got some new ways to make slaves here.” February 1952 found Hubbard penniless, and stripped of both the rights to Dianetics and most of his following. One of his associates stole the mailing lists of the Wichita Foundation, and Hubbard started to send out ridiculous attacks upon the Foundation and increasingly pathetic requests for money. He also gave the Hubbard College lectures to a tiny audience, and within six weeks had created a new subject apparently out of thin air. He was later to admit his admiration for Aleister Crowley (”my very good friend”) and in fact the fundamentals of Scientology have much in common with Cowley’s “magickal” ideas-mixed in with a large helping of science fiction. With Scientology, Hubbard asserted that we are all spiritual beings (”thetabeings”, and later “thetans”), who have lived for trillions of years, incamating again and again. He claimed that through the use of his new techniques, anyone could achieve supernatural powers. In 40 years, no scientific evidence has been provided for these claims. During the Hubbard College lectures, Hubbard also introduced the Electrometer, or E-meter, designed by Dianeticist Volney Mathison. The E-meter is actually a lie detector, closely related to the machine used in police polygraphs in the US. In Dianetics: the Modern Science of Mental Health, Hubbard claimed “Dianetics cures, and cures without, failure”. Two years later, he dismissed these earlier techniques as “slow and mediocre”. He now claimed that with Scientology, “the blind again see, the lame walk, the ill recover, the insane become sane and the sane become saner”. 11 MENTAL SCIENCE BECOMES RELIGION“l’d like to start a religion. That’s where the money is.” -L. Ron Hubbard to Lloyd Eshbach, in 1949; quoted by Eshbach in Over My Shoulder. In several conversations in the late 1940s, Hubbard had assured listeners that the best way to get rich was to start a religion. By the time of his death, in 1986, it is alleged that Hubbard had amassed a personal fortune of over $640 million through Scientology (despite claims that he didn’t even take a royalty from his books). In April 1953, Hubbard wrote to one of his deputies asking what she thought of “the religion angle”. Later that year, he incorporated the Church of Scientology, which was licensed by his Church of American Science. The incorporation was kept secret, so that Hubbard could distance himself from it. It was only in the late 1960s, with increasing criticism of its methods by western governments, that Scientology retreated behind the trappings of religion. Scientology “ministers” take a course in comparative religion based upon a single book, and read the few ceremonies written by Hubbard. Their training takes a few days. They dress in imitation of Christian ministers, including a dog collar and a Christian-seeming cross. In fact, the cross is a Scientology cross, which clearly imitates that of Hubbard’s role model, magician Aleister Crowley. It is actually a satanic “crossed out” cross. 12 THE PERSONALITY TESTScientology recruits most of its followers from the street by offering a free personality test. The Oxford Capacity Analysis (OCA) was written by a Scientologist who was a former merchant seaman, with no psychological training. It has no connection with Oxford University, and derives ultimately from the Johnson Temperament Analysis Profile. The current 200 question test provides Scientology with detailed personal information. In the past, the Church of Scientology has proved more than willing to use supposedly confidential information against former members. In I991, a letter to Scientology recruiters offered a course teaching “how to tell people the results of their OCA so that they will reach for Scientology”. Another internal document says that the Test Evaluator “is to point out to the person by means of a personality test evaluation what is ruining his life, and to show him how Scientology can save him from that ruin … when you point out a low score … say `Scientology can handle that’.” The test is designed to ensure that very few people have an acceptable personality profile. Scientology sales staff (”registrars”) are extensively trained and drilled in hard-selling techniques. The first stage of recruitment is to focus the person’s attention on the most distressing areas of his or her life (the “ruin”). Hypnotherapists might call this an “emotional induction”. Any intense emotion tends to overwhelm critical thinking. The coolness of rational thinking is distinct from the heat of the emotions. The recruiter then plays upon the person’s fear that the condition will worsen. Then the “solution” of Scientology is offered. Whatever the problem is, the immediate solution will almost always be a Communication Course, and indoctrination into Hubbard’s ideas about Suppressive Persons”. 13 TECHNIQUES“Scientology is evil; its techniques evil; its practice a serious threat to the community; medically, morally and socially.” -Report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology for the state of Victoria, Australia, 1965. While the basic ideas of Scientology had nearly all been expressed W by the end of 1952, Hubbard continued to pour out new techniques that were “guaranteed” to cure all human ills. He borrowed from many forms of therapy and meditation to create an elaborate “Bridge” which he claimed led to “total freedom”. Scientology indoctrination usually begins with the Communication Course Training Routines or `”TRs”. These are supposed to enhance the ability to communicate, but have been called by one expert “the most overt form of hypnosis used by any destructive cult”. In the first TR, two people sit silently facing each other, with their eyes closed. In the second, they stare at each other, sometimes for hours on end, inducing hallucinations and an uncritical euphoria. In the next stage, TR-0 Bullbait, the student has to sit motionless, while the “coach” does everything possible to disturb him or her. The student progresses to reading aloud disconnected phrases from Alice in Wonderland, and then to acknowledging statements read out at random from the same text. Then comes TR-3, where the student repeatedly asks the coach either “Do fish swim?” or “Do birds fly?”. In the last “Communication Course” Training Routine, the student again asks one of these questions repeatedly, learning not to be distracted by anything the coach says or does. Repetition is another way of inducing an altered or trance state. Following these procedures definitely makes the individual more susceptible to direction from Scientology. From the Communication Course, the new recruit will usually go onto the “Purification Rundown”, after a meeting with a Scientology salesperson, who convinces the recruit that the Rundown is well worth the high price demanded for it. Those on the “Purification Rundown” take extremely high doses of vitamins and minerals, and combine running and sauna treatment for five hours each day. Such high doses of vitamins can create various physiological reactions, including drug-like experiences. Hubbard attributed these reactions to stored drugs and pollutants being removed from the body. He even made the ridiculous claim that LSD lodges in fatty tissue. As LSD is both highly unstable and water soluble, this is impossible, but it shows Hubbard’s usual scientific ignorance. The heat exhaustion brought on by the sauna can lead to euphoric experiences, yet again weakening critical thinking. The sequence of steps on the Scientology Bridge has changed from one year to the next. After the “Purification Rundown’ - and another interview with a salesperson-the recruit might well go on to the “Hubbard Key to Life Course” (at a cost of[[sterling]]4,000 or $8,000). This supposedly undercuts all previous education by returning the individual to the basics of literacy. Factually, because it treats all clients as pre-school children, it tends to cause age regression, making people yet more susceptible to Scientology. From the “Hubbard Key to Life Course,” the individual moves on to the “Hubbard Life Orientation Course” and thence to the “Objective Processes.” There are several hundred Scientology counselling procedures or “auditing processes”. The “Objectives” were first introduced in the 1950s. Hubbard asserted that it is necessary to show the individual that reactive impulses can be controlled by being put under the control of another person (the Scientology “auditor”). This might be more simply termed “mind control”. On the Objective Processes, the individual is given strict orders to repeat an overwhelmingly tedious cycle of behaviour. In “Opening Procedure by Duplication”, for example, the auditor and the client or “pre-clear” are alone in a room with a table at either end. On one table is a book, on the other a bottle. The preclear will be instructed, with unvarying wording, to look at the object at the other side of the room, to walk over to it, to pick it up and to identify its colour, weight and temperature. Sessions often run to two hours, and cases of 18 such sessions for this single “process” are not unheard of. Eventually, this arduous ritual leads to a sensation of floating, believed to be “exteriorisation from the body” in Scientology-but a common side effect of hypnotic trance. The Scientology Bridge is laid out in a series of steps, or grades, each with a purported result. On Grade Zero, for example, clients are meant to achieve the ability to “communicate freely with anyone on any subject”. A Grade One “release” is supposedly without problems. In 1959, Hubbard introduced “security checking”, where Scientologists are interrogated, having to answer long, prepared lists of questions about their moral transgressions. The E-meter is used as a lie detector throughout these “sessions”. A careful record is kept of all confessions, and this has proved to be a highly effective means of silencing dissidents. This procedure, renamed “integrity processing”, using exactly the same lists of questions as the earlier “security checks”, finds a place on Grade ‘ Two, and is frequently repeated beyond it (at a cost ranging from [[sterling]]130 to [[sterling]]260, or $250 to $500, per hour). Scientology presumes that any of its members might become a security risk at any time. There is justification for this suspicion, as thousands have left the movement, including many leading lights. There are two further release grades, before the “preclear’ starts on the current form of Dianetic auditing. In New Era Dianetics, the preclear is asked to re-experience incidents from “past lives”, which can lead to strange delusions on the part of Scientologists, compensating for the shortcomings of their real lives. Through Dianetics, preclears are supposed at last to be- Clear, with the realization that they no longer need their “Reactive minds”, where engrams are supposedly stored. Once “Clear”, they are ready for the Advanced Courses of Scientology, the “Operating Thetan” or “OT” levels. 14 THE SECRET LEVELSIn 1952, Hubbard claimed that after Scientology auditing and indoctrination anyone would become “capable of dismissing illness and aberration from others at will”. Scientologists have undertaken hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of hours chasing this illusion and Hubbard’s often-repeated promises of supernatural abilities. In the late 1960s, Hubbard released his Operating Thetan levels. An Operating Thetan is an individual supposedly capable of “operating” without need of a body, and Hubbard made many sugared claims for his extremely expensive OT levels. The OT levels are kept secret by the Church of Scientology; however, the contents of most have long since been public knowledge. The first OT level consists of a series of drills, such as walking along the street counting people until one feels euphoric and has some sort of “realization”. In 1992 “OT section 1 ” was listed at [[sterling]] 1,000 or $2,200. On the second level (costing [[sterling]]2,000 or $4,200) the “pre-OT” battles with seemingly endless lists of phrases and their contradictions (”l must exist” and “l mustn’t exist”, for example), often having to imagine seeing a light and feeling a shock at each phrase. At least one victim endured 600 hours of this mindnumbing ritual. The pre-OT parts with a “minimum donation” of [[sterling]]3,400 or $7,200 to traverse the OT 3 “wall of fire”. On OT 3, the recipient is assured that 75 million years ago the Earth was part of a Galactic Confederation ruled by an evil prince called Xenu. The Confederation suffered from massive overpopulation, so Xenu devised a scheme whereby the peoples of some 76 planets were shipped to earth and annihilated. The spirits or thetans of these victims were exploded, by putting H-bombs in volcanoes, and gathered on “electronic ribbons”. Then they were “implanted” for 36 days with images of the future societies of Earth. According to Hubbard, all cultures and religions since derive from these hypnotic implants. He said, for example, that Christ is an illusion implanted at this time. After implanting, the thetans were packaged together in clusters, and, according to OT 3 everyone alive is a mass of such clusters. The levels from OT 4 to 7 also deal entirely with these clusters and the body thetans which make them up. Anyone hearing of this material will supposedly become ill and die within days. However, towards the end of his life, Hubbard wanted to release the story (certainly one of his best) as a movie, to be called “Revolt in the Stars”. The contents of OT 8, released after Hubbard’s death, and the highest level so far available, have been shrouded in secrecy. OT 8 is only available aboard Scientology’s cruise ship, the Freewinds, after extensive Security Checking has ensured unquestioning dedication to Hubbard and his teachings. One former member asserts that the level deals with the individual’s relationship to the divine. Rather than addressing the deity through prayer, however, the Scientologist is asked to remember times in former incarnations when he or she encountered God. The individual is then to remember what problems were solved by believing in God (the “prior confusion” which made them vulnerable to belief). In this way, belief in God is undermined. On OT 8, Scientologists are allegedly taught that they exist in parallel universes, and are told to disconnect from their parallel selves. Finally, the Scientologist is to re-experience moments of his or her own creation, and discover any abandoned aspects of the self. This supposedly leads to a major realization about God. Former members who have suffered through this nonsense assert that the desired realisation is that Hubbard created all the living beings in the universe.. A leaked OT 8 Bulletin, which may or may not be genuine, claims that Hubbard is in fact the antichrist. 15 ETHICSHubbard stepped up his control over his followers in the mid1960s with the introduction of various so called “ethics” procedures. Anyone who criticises Hubbard or Scientology is labelled a “Suppressive Person”, “SP” or “anti-social personality”. Scientologists who associate with anyone deemed an SP are termed “Potential Trouble Sources”, and forbidden further auditing or training. Indeed, Scientologists can be ordered to cease communication with, or “disconnect” from, anyone considered unfriendly by the Church of Scientology. “Disconnection” is virtually identical to the “shunning” practised by certain extreme fundamentalist groups. Hubbard also introduced “ethics conditions” at this time, and gave “formulas” which are supposed to elevate one’s ethical state. In the 1960s, Scientology staff put into “lower conditions” were deprived of sleep (often for several days), prevented from washing or shaving, forced to wear a black mark on one cheek, a chain or a dirty rag around the arm, and confined day and night to organization premises. Hubbard put to sea with his closest followers in 1967. Aboard ship, anyone who displeased him was confined to the chain locker. Here the victim would crouch in bilge water and excrement in total darkness, surrounded by rats, sometimes for as much as two weeks without respite. Even children were put into the chain locker on Hubbard’s order. In 1968, the chain locker punishment was -supplemented by “overboarding”, where people, even nonswimmers, were hurled from the decks into the sea. In 1973, Hubbard replaced these cruel and unusual practices with a new and profoundly effective form of humiliation-the Rehabilitation Project Force, or RPF. The RPF is still in use in Scientology organizations throughout the world. Those who fail to comply with orders, make mistakes or simply fall short of their production quotas are put onto the RPF. RPFers can only speak when spoken to, they are meant to eat table scraps, sleep even shorter hours than other staff, and comply immediately and unquestioningly with any order. They work a full day, doing physical labour, and are then expected to spend five hours confessing and hearing the confession of their RPF partner. Only when they completely accept the authority of their superiors are they allowed to leave the RPF. Taming an individual in this way can take up to two years. 16 HARASSMENT-THE GUARDIAN’S OFFICE“Our organizations are friendly. They are only here to help you”. L. Ron Hubbard, `Dianetic Contract’, 23 May 1969. Through the 1950s, Hubbard advocated ever-stricter measures to deal with critics and defectors. Hubbard’s Church has always campaigned actively against anyone who uses Scientology techniques without following orders and paying tithes. Speaking of a hypothetical splinter group in 1955, Hubbard wrote, “if you discovered that some group calling itself `precept processing’ had set up … in your area, you would do all you could to make things interesting for them … The law can be used very easily to harass, and enough harassment … will generally be sufficient to cause his [sic] professional decease. If possible, of course, ruin him utterly.” In 1958, Hubbard institutionalised intelligence gathering in his secret Manual of Justice, which says, “intelligence is mostly the collection of data on people…It is done all the time about everything and everybody.” This was the prelude to the creation of Scientology’s secret police force and intelligence agency, the Guardian’s Office. An “ethics file” is kept on every Scientologist. It contains every embarrassing admission made during counselling, write ups of transgressions and “knowledge reports”. All Scientologists are expected to report even the slightest criticism made by their fellow Scientologists about Hubbard, his organization or his teachings. A Scientologist who fails to make such a report is subject to the same penalties as the original critic. This policy is based upon that used by the Nazis, turning everyone into an informer, loyal only to Scientology. After the introduction of “Ethics” policies in 1965, many people left Scientology to join a splinter group called Amprinistics. An enraged Hubbard wrote, “Harass these persons in any Possible way”, and urged that their meetings be broken up. The large amounts of money demanded by Hubbard, and the severe treatment meted out to his followers, inevitably led to public concern. Enforced “disconnection” has torn many families apart. Scientology was castigated by a government inquiry in Victoria, Australia, in December 1965. In February the following year, Lord Balniel requested that the British parliament launch an Inquiry- Hubbard responded by setting up the Guardian s Office, and reinforcing his policy of “noisy investigation” into anyone who criticised Scientology. As Hubbard said, `The DEFENSE of anything is UNTENABLE. The only way to defend anything is to ATTACK.” The Guardian’s Office attacked without pause. The Guardian’s Office (GO) existed to promote Scientology, to attack critics, and to keep members in line. The GO acted as an intelligence agency, infiltrating newspapers, psychiatric hospitals and even government agencies; and as an internal police force, silencing defectors. Very few former Scientologists have spoken out against the organization, knowing that every detail of their lives is kept in their Scientology “ethics files”. There is much irrefutable evidence that these files have been used against former members. The Guardian’s Office grew into a daunting force with 1,100 staff by 1982. In a secret directive, Hubbard wrote, “we will successfully bring the following facts into public consciousness … People who attack Scientology are criminals … if one attacks Scientology he gets investigated for crimes … If one does not attack Scientology … one is safe.” The Intelligence or Information Bureau of the Guardian’s Office, or G0, was modelled on Nazi spy master Gehlen’s system. GO agents stole medical files, sent out anonymous smear letters, framed critics for criminal acts, blackmailed, bugged and burgled opponents, and infiltrated government offices stealing thousands of files (including Interpol files on terrorism, and files on the interchange of intelligence material between the U.S. and Canada). Critics were to be driven to breakdown or harassed into silence. Eventually, in the early 1980s, eleven GO officials were imprisoned in the US, including Hubbard’s wife, Mary Sue, and her deputy, the Guardian, Jane Kember. In July 1992, the Church of Scientology and three Scientologists were found guilty of criminal acts in Canada ten years before this conviction, the Office of Special Affairs had replaced the Guardian’s Office. The secret mission of both the Guardian’s Office and its successor has been the discovery and elimination of the conspiracy which Hubbard believed was operating against him. At various times, Hubbard blamed Russian communism, neofascism, bankers, psychiatrists, the Internal Revenue Service and Christian priests for negative reports concerning Scientology. His paranoid imagination saw enemies everywhere. As with all psychopaths, Hubbard was incapable of admitting error. He was oblivious to the anti-social nature of the practices which quite rightly provoke criticism of Scientology. 17 THE SEA ORGANIZATIONHaving been asked to leave Rhodesia in 1966, and fearing British government action (he was later banned from entry), Hubbard fled to Las Palmas and created the Sea Organization. For eight years, from 1967 to 1975, Hubbard and his retinue (numbering several hundred) plied the Mediterranean and the Atlantic in a flotilla of unseaworthy vessels. The incompetence of the crews led to many accidents. Sea Organization members were put into pseudo-naval uniform, adopted naval ranks and signed a billion year contract to serve “command intention”. The management of Scientology became a paramilitary organization, under the direction of “Commodore” L. Ron Hubbard. All “Sea Org” members are expected to receive martial arts and weapons training. One executive was later to boast publicly that management was “tough” and “ruthless”. Compassion is virtually unheard of in Hubbard’s voluminous teachings. Sea Org members work long hours (usually devoting over 90 hours per week to Scientology), for derisory pay. They often spend weeks or months restricted to a diet consisting entirely of rice, beans and porridge. Discipline is harsh, the withdrawal of pay and proper food preceding banishment from sleeping quarters (when staff are assigned to “pig’s berthing’). Sea Org members have restricted access to their children, usually only being allowed to see them for an hour or two each week. Children are kept in the “Cadet Org,” with the specified intention of making them into Sea Org members. Indeed, Sea Org children can start working for the organization by the age of twelve, sometimes securing high positions before their fifteenth birthdays. Children as young as eight have acted as auditors, taking the confessions of adults. 18 FRONT GROUPSIn 1966, Hubbard wrote, Remember, CHURCHES ARE LOOKED UPON AS REFORM GROUPS. Therefore we must act like a reform group.” Since that time, tens of front groups have come into being, some to enhance the public repute of Scientology, others to recruit new members. The World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WlSE) licenses Scientologists to use Hubbard material in their business training programmes. WISE members offer such programs with no indication that the material they use is Scientology. In the U.S., Sterling Management has been criticised for selling expensive courses to health professionals, who are then recruited unto Scientology. The Association for Better Living and Education (ABLE) sponsors “reform” groups such as Criminon (which indoctrinates prison inmates into Scientology), the Concerned Businessmen’s Association, Cry Out! (which cashes in on concern for the environment), Applied Scholastics (which trains people in Hubbard’s “Study Technology”) and Narconon. 19 NARCONONNarconon was started by convict and drug addict William Benitez, in the mid-1960s. It claims to be a rehabilitation programme for alcoholics and other drug addicts, and at different times and in different places has briefly won state support (withdrawn when the close association of Narconon to Scientology is revealed, or when the inadequacy of Narconon’s methods is demonstrated). Narconon works alongside Scientology’s “Say No to Drugs Campaign”, and is advocated by Scientologist and former cocaine addict, Kirstie Alley. For several years, Narconon has tried to establish a large centre on the Chilocco Indian reservation in Oklahoma In December 1991, the Oklahoma Mental Health Board denied certification to this centre, ruling that “there is no credible scientific evidence that the Narconon program is effective”. The program was also judged “unsafe”. The Board complained that not only was medical supervision inadequate, but that graduates of the program were immediately taken on as staff. In Narconon, alcoholics and other addicts are not educated about substance abuse, but are simply put through the program. The Board also complained that `”the Narconon treatment plan is general in nature, applies categorically to all students and is not individualised.” The Board reported that Narconon did no follow up studies (which, of course, dismisses any claim to the program’s efficacy), and had inadequate discharge Planing. There was also particular concern that Narconon clients, including alcoholics, are told that if they are not able to drink after the program, then the program is simply not complete. Hubbard’s “Purification Rundown” is at the heart of the Narconon Program. The Purification Rundown supposedly rids the body of drug residues through massive doses of vitamins, and five hours a day of ruining and sweating in a sauna. The Oklahoma Mental Heath Board complained of inadequate control of sauna temperature, and warned of the potential dangers, particularly to heroin addicts, of sauna use. The Board had no doubt that “Narconon employs staff inadequately educated and trained in the care and treatment of drug and alcohol abuse clients”; and was shocked to find that “Narconon permits clients under treatment for drug and alcohol abuse to handle and provide medications to fellow Narconon clients, to supervise the sauna treatment of fellow Narconon clients, and to supervise clients with psychiatric disorders.” No mental health professionals are employed by Narconon. The doses of vitamins are so high on the Purification Rundown that they become potentially dangerous (several vitamins are poisonous in high doses; and vitamin B1 can have a disorienting effect similar to that of certain drugs). The Oklahoma Mental Health Board was especially concerned about the use of vitamin B3 in the form of niacin, which in large doses has been connected with liver failure. “Large doses of niacin are administered to patients during the Narconon program to rid the body of radiation. There is no credible scientific evidence that niacin in any way gets radiation out of the patient’s body. Rather, the more credible medical evidence supports the existence of potential medical risks to persons receiving high doses of niacin”. In a surprise move, in August 1992, the Oklahoma Board of Mental Health granted Narconon exemption from state certification, without withdrawing its earlier criticisms. 20 SCIENTOLOGY AND RELIGION“Reference was made to some unusual features of membership and to the strong commercial emphasis … Regardless of whether the members … are gullible or misled or whether the practices of Scientology are harmful or objectionable, the evidence … establishes that Scientology must, for relevant purposes, be accepted as `a religion’ in Victoria.” -Australian court ruling. Hubbard claimed that Scientology is non-denominational and does not clash with any religion. The claim is preposterous. In his secret writings, Hubbard asserted that Christ is a fabrication, an implanted hypnotic suggestion. Yoga, and therefore Hinduism, he dismissed as “booby-trapped”.. In one interview, he said that his favourite book was Twelve Against the Gods, where author William Bolitho called Mahomet a psychopath. Of course, the doctrine of reincarnation which is essential to Scientology, is unacceptable to Judaism, Islam or Christianity. Hubbard claimed that Scientology is “twentieth century Buddhism”. However, the essential doctrine of “anatta” or` no soul” is completely denied in Scientology, which believes in an immortal and unperishable ego or “thetan”. Further, Hubbard dismissed Buddhism through his statement that “No culture in the history of the world, save the thoroughly depraved and expiring ones, has failed to affirm the existence of a Supreme Being.” Scientology contradicts the teachings of all of the major religions by propounding that great wealth is a virtue, a measure of spiritual success. Hubbard divided the “urges to survive” into eight “dynamics”. These are survival as or through self, family and procreation, groups, mankind, life forms, the material, the spiritual and infinity or the Supreme Being. Hubbard claimed that to make a sensible decision, it was only necessary to determine the effect upon these “dynamics”, and choose the route which benefited the greatest number. No special place is given to the eighth dynamic, or God,, in this scheme, so it is possible for a decision to be taken because it advantages the majority of the other seven dynamics. This practice is unconscionable to all who believe in God. Hubbard also dismissed the notion of compassion. Scientologists believe that everything that happens to an individual is self generated, so the unfortunate are called “victims”, who have “pulled in” their misfortune. Sympathy is frowned upon, and considered to be a “lower” emotional reaction than fear or anger. All transactions must receive a proper “exchange”, so Scientologists do not tend to work for, or donate to, charities (other than their own front groups). As Hubbard put it, “When you let a person give nothing for something you are factually encouraging crime”. Scientology induces contempt for all non-Scientologists, who are called “wogs” or “raw meat”. 21 MANIPULATION“When somebody enrols, consider he or she has joined up for the duration of the universe - never permit an `open-minded’ approach … If they enrolled, they’re aboard, and if they’re aboard they’re here on the same terms as the rest of us - win or die in the attempt. Never let them be half minded about being Scientologists … When Mrs. Pattycake comes to us to be taught, turn that wandering doubt in her eye into a fixed, dedicated glare .. The proper instruction attitude is `. . We’d rather have you dead than incapable. “‘ - L. Ron Hubbard, Keeping Scientology Working, 7 February 1965, reissued 27 August 1980. Hubbard claimed to have studied hypnosis from his teens onwards. At the outset, he admitted that his Dianetic “research” was done using deep trance hypnosis. In the early days, he also admitted that the Dianetic procedure could be trance inducing. The term “hypnosis” has aroused much controversy. Probably the most exacting conceptual framework was made by hypnotherapist Milton Erickson, who asserted that hypnosis is an interaction between people which accesses altered states of consciousness. Contemporary psychology accepts that most mental processes occur below consciousness. A hypnotherapist accesses the unconscious in an attempt to place beneficial suggestions therein which will have the same motivating force upon the individual as his or her own decisions. In hypnotherapy, the client gives permission for this process to occur. In Scientology, the process occurs without consent. Hubbard asserted that everything that exists is a product of consciousness: Reality is agreement”, “the universe is an agreed upon apparency”. From this perspective, Scientology seeks to change the individual’s perception of reality, and replace it with Hubbard’s notions, at the same time pretending that the individual is becoming more aware, and more “self-determined”. Scientology claims to be scientific, but factually, it is impossible to undertake “auditing” without submitting to beliefs which have not been scientifically validated, such as reincarnation, possession by spirits (or body thetans) and the existence and influence of “engrams”. Restrictions are put upon Scientologists to prevent them reaching a critical understanding of Scientology. Explanation of Hubbard’s work is forbidden; the materials must be quoted exactly. Dissent from the materials is also forbidden then Scientologist’s “realisations” in counselling must align with Hubbard’s pronouncements about the nature of reality. Any disagreement with Hubbard or his teachings will lead the individual to the “Ethics Office”, a department of Scientology’s internal police force. The Scientologist may not talk about his “case” or problems other than to his or her auditor, thus inhibiting close relationships. The “technology” of Scientology is and always has been right (even when Hubbard changed it every few months), and failure to achieve spectacular success (i.e., euphoric states) is always considered to be the fault of either the auditor or the preclear, never of the techniques. Scientologists are led to believe that criticism (unless made by Hubbard) always stems from guilt about one’s own transgressions. The individual’s attention is focused inwards and so deflected from consideration of Hubbard’s or Scientology’s faults. Scientology procedures are comparable with those of hypnotherapy. In Training Routine 0, two people are supposed to sit looking at each other “for some hours”. Visual fixation has long been accepted as a means of inducing altered or trance states. Repetition is another method of induction, and Hubbard admitted that a number of his procedures are mindnumbingly monotonous. It is possible in Scientology to sit for several hours answering the same single line question, the wording never varied, such as “From where could you communicate to a victim?” Eventually, the individual’s entire perception and belief system is over-ridden by Scientology. The Scientologist may not talk about the Operating Thetan levels, so is separated from most of humanity, believing malevolent spirits to be the real cause of all disability and conflict. Scientologists do not accept any other perception of reality than Hubbard’s. Hubbard derided hypnotherapy, psychology, analysis, meditation and religious counselling, claiming that Scientology is the only effective system. Staff members, especially those in the Sea Organization, become even more suggestible through long working hours, sleep deprivation, poor diet and regular doses of the Rehabilitation Project Force. 22 HARD SELLING“Advanced Courses [in Scientology) are the most valuable service on the planet. Life insurance, houses, cars, stocks, bonds, college savings, all are transitory and impermanent … There is nothing to compare with Advanced Courses. They are infinitely valuable and transcend time itself.” -L. Ron Hubbard speaking of his “Operating Thetan Courses” Flag Mission Order 375. Hard selling techniques are another aspect of the use of undue influence or destructive persuasion upon members. Clients of Scientology are harassed with demands for ever increasing “donations” for auditing and indoctrination Completion of the Scientology “Bridge” costs in the region of [[sterling]]200,000 or $350,000 (there are Scientologists who have paid even more). Many Scientologists have found themselves homeless and deeply in debt as a result of high pressure selling. Sales interviews can last for as much as 13 hours; and depend upon the sophisticated manipulation techniques described in Les Dane’s Big League Sales Closing Techniques. Another alarming aspect of Scientology’s greed is the sale of Hubbard artefacts, called “Special Properties” limited editions of Hubbard books and anything signed by Hubbard. These artefacts are pushed onto Scientologists with the insistence that they are highly marketable commodities with great investment potential. ln reality, they are virtually worthless outside the confines of the Scientology world. Outrageous amounts are charged for these items. One former member was induced to spend some [[sterling]]26,000 (of which [[sterling]]10,000 was borrowed), with promises that the value of these “Special Properties” would rocket. Despite making extensive enquires over a seven year period, the “Special Properties” have proved unsaleable at anything like the price originally charged. The former member purchased a single, signed photograph of Hubbard for over [[sterling]]8,000. This is not an isolated case. one Scientologist spent an incredible [[sterling]]90,000 on “Special Properties”. The Scientology organization pours out advertising material, ranging from simple leaflets to full-blown television campaigns. Although Hubbard was highly critical of psychology, he was perfectly willing to use the techniques of motivational research. Careful surveys detainment key words, symbols and colours to which potential customers will react, without critical thought. Hubbard bragged about the manipulative effect of these techniques. Scientologists are expected to pay out thousands towards courses, and then have to purchsae ridiculously expensive books, course packs, E-meters, and tapes of Hubbard lectures as a prerequisite to taking each course. The tapes generally sell for about [[sterling]]30 each, and Hubbard gave thousands of lectures. Every Scientologist is expected to buy at least two E-meters, ranging from [[sterling]]700 to [[sterling]]2,750 each. The components from which an E-meter is constructed make up only a fraction of this cost. 23 SCIENTOLOGY LIES“Handling truth is a touchy business … Tell an acceptable truth.” L. Ron Hubbard, The Missing Ingredient, 13 August 1970. Scientology claims over 7 million members internationally, yet an internal membership report for 1987 showed only 40,000: There are also often repeated claims that Hubbard books have sold millions of copies. In fact, Hubbard books have been “hyped” onto best seller lists through carefully orchestrated campaigns. Scientology has probably managed to sell more copies of Hubbard’s books than have been printed, by buying back and reselling. One book store even received a consignment which already had its own price labels on. 24 LITIGATION & FAIR GAMEIn the 1960s and 70s, Scientology became notorious for its willingness to litigate. Such litigation was rarely successful, but made the media hesitant to report on Scientology, and caused many critics to withdraw. The pace of litigation slowed considerably with the decline of the Guardian’s Office. Only major opponents are now sued. However, litigation against Scientology has increased. It has been reported that at the beginning of 1992, Scientology faced over 700 suits. In his 1984 ruling in the California Superior Court, Judge Breckenridge stated, “In addition to violating and abusing its own members civil rights, the organization over the years with its `Fair Game’ doctrine has harassed and abused those persons not in the Church whom it perceives as enemies.” In the Fair Game law; Hubbard asserted that those ajudged Suppressive by Scientology “May be deprived of property or injured by any means … may be tricked, sued or lied to or destroyed”. The continuing use of Fair Game was also established in a London child custody case in 1984, and in a California Appeal Court judgment in 1989. In this last decision, in the case of Larry Wollersheim versus the Church of Scientology of California, the court upheld Wollersheim’s allegation that he had been subjected to Fair Game. Further, the judge ruled: “…the Church’s conduct was manifestly outrageous. Using its position as his religious leader, the Church and its agents coerced Wollersheim into continuing `auditing’ although his sanity was repeatedly threatened by the practice … Wollersheim was compelled to abandon his wife and family through the policy of disconnect. When his mental illness reached such a level he actively planned his suicide, he was forbidden to seek professional help.” In July 1992, the Church of Scientology was found guilty of infiltrating the Toronto, Ontario and Royal Canadian Mounted Police, along with the offices of Revenue Canada, the Ontario Attorney General and the state government. Thousands of files had been stolen by Hubbard’s espionage network. 25 THE DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS OF SCIENTOLOGYAs the Wollersheim case demonstrated, Scientology “auditing” can have a profoundly destructive effect After a survey of 48 groups, Conway and Siegelman reported that former Scientologists had the highest rate of violent outbursts, hallucinations, sexual dysfunction and suicidal tendencies. They estimated that full recovery from Scientology averaged at 12.5 years. Members are entirely saturated with Hubbard’s delusional and unscientific view of the universe. They come to see themselves as part of a small elite, harassed on all sides by a gigantic conspiracy. Scientologists speak and think in an elaborate language created by Hubbard (Scientology dictionaries run to over 1,000 pages of definitions). They are drilled to present a calm, cheerful appearance, whatever their real feelings. Most become “auditing junkies”, unable to face life without regular “sessions”. All aspects of the individual’s life are invaded, as Hubbard held forth on almost every subject from business management to child rearing. Scientology induces a phobic reaction towards mental health practitioners, so ex-members are usually unwilling to seek professional help in untangling themselves. This situation is compounded by the inability of most mental health practitioners to understand the cult experience. So most former Scientologists drift into other cult groups, or derivatives of Scientology such as est (the Forum or Landmark), Avatar, Dianasis, Re-Evaluation Co-Counselling, or Idenics. Mental Health practitioners who have had contact with former Scientologists have diagnosed their condition as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. One psychiatrist has asserted that Hubbard reversed therapies used to reduce obsession, so creating obsessive disorders. Former members report a high incidence of Chronic Fatigue Disorder a lack of motivation and energy. However, as yet no research has been undertaken to confirm these reports. 26 GOVERNMENT ACTIONIn June 1992, the Church of Scientology was found guilty of criminal activity by a Canadian jury. Membership in Germany’s leading political party is now denied to Scientologist because of the policy of infiltration. Scientology is under investigation in France and Spain. In February 1992, the European Council endorsed a recommendation that the member nations of the EEC should fund information groups to educate the public about New Religious Movements. As yet no action has been taken. 27 HELP FOR MEMBERSIf a friend or relation becomes involved with Scientology, it is important not to attack their decision. A friendly, sympathetic attitude and a willingness to listen are very important. Showing the person material hostile to Scientology will generally only reinforce their infatuation, and make them more defensive and less willing to communicate. Be honest but not aggressive with your concerns about Scientology. Allow the person to talk without interruption about the benefits they feel they have received. In fact, allowing the person to talk is crucial, because the need to articulate ideas often clarifies thinking. Don’t try to do their thinking for them. Don’t interrupt or make sniping comments. In a friendly environment, they will discover for themselves some of the contradictions inherent in Scientology. If prompted to look for such contradictions they may simply stop listening. When you are sure that the person does not feel threatened, ask if they are willing to look at material critical of Scientology, rather than just presenting them with the material. Kidnap deprogramming is both morally offensive and illegal. It is also largely unsuccessful in Scientology cases. There are, however, a few consultants who will not resort to kidnapping and have a sufficient awareness of Scientology to be able to help members reconsider their involvement in a non-coercive environment. 28 FURTHER INFORMATIONJon Atack, the author of this booklet, was a client of Scientology from 1974 to 1983. Since his resignation from the Church of Scientology, he has consulted to many leading newspapers and magazines, including the Sunday Times, Forbes magazine, Time, the Los Angeles Times and the Reader’s Digest. In 1987, he was the main consultant to BBC TV’s Panorama documentary. He has also consulted to TVS, Central TV, Granada TV, CBC, NBC, CBS and ABC. Jon Atack’s book, A Piece of Blue Sky (lSBN 0-8184-0499-X), is published by Lyle Stuart Books in the USA, and by Musson Book Company in Canada. A Piece of Blue Sky is a 400page history of Hubbard, his organisations and his techniques. It is available in the UK by calling 01342 316129 (0044 1342 316129 in the rest of Europe). For a better understanding of Scientology beliefs and techniques, see Hubbard’s Volunteer Minister’s Handbook (lSBN 0-88404039-9). For a better understanding of the manipulative nature of Scientology, see Steven Hassan’s Combatting Cult Mind Control (lSBN 0-89281-243-5) and Thomas and Jacqueline Keisers’ The Anatomy of lllusion (lSBN 0-39805295-6). Margery Wakefield ’s The Road to Xenu is an excellent first-hand account of membership, and includes Bob Penny’s thought provoking Social Control in Scientology. The Road to Xenu is available via P.0. Box 290402, Tampa, Florida 33687 |
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